Glossário de opções de ações

Glossário de opções sobre ações
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Glossário de Terminologias de Negociação de Opções.
Glossário de Terminologia de Opções.
Atualizado 1 de agosto de 2017.
Top 10 Must-Know Opções Termos para iniciantes de opções.
Indexar por ordem alfabética.
Acumulação - Quando os estoques começam a se mover lateralmente após uma queda significativa à medida que os investidores começam a acumular.
Opções ajustadas - Opções de ações não padronizadas com termos customizados para precificação em grandes mudanças na estrutura de capital do estoque subjacente. Leia o tutorial completo em Opções ajustadas.
Ordem All-or-None (AON) - Uma ordem que deve ser preenchida completamente ou então não será executada. Esta é uma ordem útil para os operadores de opções que executam estratégias de opções complexas que precisam ser preenchidas com precisão. Tipos de ordens de opções explicadas.
Opção de estilo americano - Um contrato de opção que pode ser exercido a qualquer momento entre a data da compra e a data de vencimento. A maioria das opções negociadas em bolsa é de estilo americano. Leia o tutorial sobre opções de estilo americano.
Arbitragem - A compra e venda simultânea de instrumentos financeiros para beneficiar de discrepâncias de preços. Os operadores de opções freqüentemente procuram por discrepâncias de preços do mesmo contrato de opção entre diferentes opções de troca, beneficiando-se, assim, de um mercado livre de risco. Leia mais sobre Arbitragem de Opções.
Pergunte Preço - Como usado na frase 'lance e perguntou' é o preço pelo qual um vendedor em potencial está disposto a vender. Outra maneira de dizer isso é o preço pedido pelo que alguém está vendendo. Você compra contratos de opção e ações em seu preço Ask. Leia mais sobre os Preços das Opções.
Atribuir - para designar um redator de opções para o cumprimento de sua obrigação de vender ações (call option writer) ou comprar ações (put option writer). O redator recebe um aviso de atribuição da Corporação de Compensação de Opções. Leia mais sobre a atribuição de opções.
No Dinheiro - Quando o preço de exercício de uma opção é o mesmo que o preço da ação predominante. Leia mais sobre as opções do Money.
Exercício Automático - Quando as opções de dinheiro são exercidas de forma aleatória e automática. Leia mais sobre o exercício automático.
Negociação automática - Um acordo de três vias para que seu corretor de opções execute automaticamente o comércio recomendado pelo seu serviço de consultoria de opções. Leia mais sobre o Auto-Trading.
Backspread - veja Estratégia Reversa. Leia mais sobre os Backspreads.
Opções de Barreiras - Opções exóticas que surgem ou que deixam de existir quando determinados preços são atingidos. Leia mais sobre opções de barreira aqui!
Baixa - uma opinião que espera uma queda no preço, seja pelo mercado em geral ou por uma ação subjacente, ou ambos.
Estratégias de Opções em Baixa - Diferentes maneiras de usar opções para lucrar com um movimento descendente no estoque subjacente. Leia o tutorial sobre estratégias de opções bearish.
Bear Spread - uma estratégia de opção que faz seu lucro máximo quando a ação subjacente declina e tem seu risco máximo se a ação aumentar de preço. A estratégia pode ser implementada com puts ou calls. Em ambos os casos, uma opção com um preço de greve mais alto é comprada e uma com um preço de greve mais baixo é vendida, ambas as opções geralmente com a mesma data de vencimento. Veja também Bull Spread. Biblioteca de Estratégias de Opções.
Armadilha para Ursos - Qualquer movimento descendente tecnicamente não confirmado que encoraje os investidores a serem pessimistas. Geralmente precede fortes comícios e muitas vezes pega os desavisados.
Beta - Uma figura que indica a propensão histórica de um preço de ação para se mover com o mercado de ações como um todo.
Preço da proposta - o preço pelo qual um potencial comprador está disposto a comprar de você. Isso significa que você vende no preço da proposta. Leia mais sobre os Preços das Opções.
Bid / Ask Spread - A diferença entre o lance vigente e o preço de venda. Geralmente, os contratos de opção que são mais líquidos tendem a ter um Bid / Ask Spread mais apertado, enquanto os contratos de opção que são menos líquidos e são pouco negociados tendem a ter um spread Bid / Ask mais amplo. Leia mais sobre os Preços das Opções.
Opções Binárias - Opções que pagam a você um retorno fixo quando ele acaba no dinheiro por expiração ou nada. Leia mais sobre opções binárias.
Modelo Black-Scholes - Uma fórmula matemática destinada a precificar uma opção como uma função de certas variáveis ​​- geralmente preço de ações, preço de exercício, volatilidade, prazo de vencimento, dividendos a serem pagos e a taxa de juros livre de risco atual. Leia mais sobre o modelo Black-Scholes.
Box Spread - Uma estratégia de negociação de opções de 4 rodadas complexas que visa aproveitar as discrepâncias nos preços de opções para uma arbitragem livre de risco.
Break - Even Point - o preço das ações (ou preços) em que uma determinada estratégia não faz nem perde dinheiro. Geralmente, refere-se ao resultado na data de vencimento das opções envolvidas na estratégia. Um & quot; dinâmico & quot; ponto de equilíbrio é aquele que muda com o passar do tempo.
Amplitude - O número líquido de ações avançando versus as que estão em declínio. Quando os adiantamentos excedem os declínios, a amplitude do mercado está se inclinando. Quando as quedas superam os avanços, o mercado está em declínio.
Breakout - O que ocorre quando o preço de uma ação ou a média se move acima de um nível de resistência anterior alto ou abaixo de um nível de suporte baixo anterior. As chances são de que a tendência continue.
Bullish - Uma opinião em que se espera um aumento no preço, seja pelo mercado em geral ou por um título individual.
Estratégias de opções otimistas - Diferentes maneiras de usar opções para lucrar com um movimento para cima no estoque subjacente. Leia o tutorial sobre estratégias de opções otimistas.
Bull Call Spread - Uma estratégia de opções otimistas que visa reduzir o custo inicial de compra de opções de compra, a fim de lucrar com ações que devem subir moderadamente. Leia o tutorial sobre o Bull Call Spread.
Bull Spread - uma estratégia de opção que atinge o seu potencial máximo se o título subjacente aumentar o suficiente, e tem o seu risco máximo se a segurança cair longe o suficiente. Uma opção com um preço de queda mais baixo é comprada e uma com um preço de greve mais alto é vendida, ambas geralmente com a mesma data de vencimento. Tanto puts como calls podem ser usados ​​para a estratégia. Biblioteca de Estratégias de Opções.
Bull Trap - Qualquer movimento tecnicamente não confirmado para o lado positivo que incentive os investidores a serem otimistas. Geralmente precede declínios importantes e muitas vezes engana aqueles que não esperam a confirmação do formulário por outros indicadores.
Propagação de Borboleta - Uma estratégia de opção neutra que possui tanto risco limitado quanto potencial de lucro limitado, construída pela combinação de um spread de touro e um spread de urso. Três preços de ataque estão envolvidos, com os dois inferiores sendo utilizados no spread do touro e os dois maiores no spread do urso. A estratégia pode ser estabelecida com opções de venda ou chamadas; Existem quatro maneiras diferentes de combinar opções para construir a mesma posição básica. Aprenda tudo sobre o spread da borboleta.
Buy To Open - Para estabelecer uma posição de opções indo longo. Leia o tutorial Comprar para abrir.
Chamada - consulte Opção de chamada.
Call Broken Butterfly Spread Wing - A Butterfly Spread com um perfil de risco / recompensa inclinado que não faz perdas ou mesmo um pequeno crédito quando o estoque subjacente quebra para baixo. Isto é conseguido através da compra de mais opções de chamadas de dinheiro do que um spread regular de borboletas. Leia o tutorial sobre Call Broken Wing Butterfly Spread.
Call Spread Condor de Asa Quebrada - Um Condor Espalhe com um perfil de risco / recompensa inclinado que não faz perdas ou mesmo um pequeno crédito quando o estoque subjacente se desfaz em desvantagem. Isto é conseguido comprando uma greve adicional das opções de compra de dinheiro do que um spread regular da Condor. Leia o tutorial sobre Call Broken Wing Condor Spread.
Call Ratio Backspread - Uma estratégia de negociação de opções de crédito com lucro ilimitado para lucro superior e limitado para downside através da compra de mais das chamadas de dinheiro do que nas chamadas de dinheiro estão em curto. Leia o tutorial sobre o Back Ratio de Call.
Call Ratio Spread - Uma estratégia de negociação de opções de crédito com a capacidade de lucrar quando uma ação sobe, baixa ou lateralmente, obtendo mais do que as chamadas em dinheiro que são compradas. Leia o tutorial sobre Spread Ratio Ratio.
Call Time Spread - Outro nome para Call Calendar Spread. Uma estratégia de negociação de opções em que as opções de compra de longo prazo são compradas e as opções de compra de curto prazo são gravadas para lucrar com o decaimento do tempo. Leia o tutorial sobre propagação de tempo de chamada.
Chamado Fora - O processo no qual um gravador de opções de chamada é obrigado a entregar as ações subjacentes ao comprador da opção a um preço igual ao preço de exercício da opção de compra. Leia o tutorial sobre o Called Away.
Spread de calendário - Um tipo de estratégia de negociação de opções que usa uma combinação de opções com datas de vencimento diferentes para lucrar principalmente com o decaimento do tempo. Leia tudo sobre os Spreads de Calendário.
Calendário Straddle ou Combination - Uma estratégia de opções neutras complexas envolvendo a compra de um longo prazo straddle e a venda de um curto prazo straddle. Leia tudo sobre o Calendar Straddle.
Calendar Strangle - Uma estratégia complexa de opções neutras envolvendo a compra de um estrangulamento a longo prazo e a venda de um estrangulamento de curto prazo. Leia tudo sobre o Calendar Strangle.
Opções de compra - Opções que dão ao titular o direito de comprar a garantia subjacente a um preço especificado por um determinado período de tempo fixo. Leia tudo sobre as opções de chamada.
Capitalização - O valor total de títulos emitidos por uma corporação. Isso pode incluir: títulos, debêntures, ações preferenciais, ações ordinárias e superávit.
Cash Secured Put - Opções de venda a descoberto que são totalmente cobertas pelo dinheiro necessário no caso de uma atribuição. Leia tudo sobre dinheiro garantido.
Liquidação em dinheiro / Entregue em dinheiro - Opções que, quando exercidas, entregam o lucro em dinheiro em vez de um ativo subjacente. Leia tudo sobre opções de liquidação de caixa.
CBOE - A Bolsa de Opções do Chicago Board; o primeiro intercâmbio nacional a negociar opções de ações listadas.
CBOE VIX - Veja VIX.
Chain - Uma lista de cotações de opções em vários preços de exercício. Leia mais sobre as cadeias de opções.
Classe de Opções - Contratos de opção do mesmo tipo e estilo que cobrem o mesmo ativo subjacente.
Close - Período no final de um dia de negociação em que os preços finais do dia são calculados.
Pedido de Encerramento - A recompra ou venda de uma opção para a qual um operador de opções tem a posição oposta. Um operador de opções que escreve uma opção de compra executará uma ordem de fechamento "comprando para fechar" essa opção de compra. Um operador de opções que comprou uma opção de compra executará uma ordem de fechamento "vendendo para fechar" essa opção de compra. Tipos de ordens de opções explicadas.
Condor Spread - Uma estratégia de opção neutra complexa que lucra com uma negociação de ações dentro de um intervalo predeterminado. Leia tudo sobre os spreads do Condor aqui!
Contango - Termo originado do mercado de petróleo. Isto é, quando a volatilidade implícita do mês mais distante é maior do que a volatilidade implícita mais próxima do mês. Isso é indicativo de uma condição normal de mercado.
Pedido Contingente - Uma ordem de opções personalizável avançada que é acionada dependendo do cumprimento de critérios predeterminados. Leia mais sobre Ordens Contingentes.
Correção - Quando uma ação cai no preço temporariamente antes de se recuperar posteriormente.
Tamanho do contrato - O montante do ativo subjacente coberto pelo contrato de opção. Isso geralmente é 100. Se uma opção for cotada por US $ 2,50, um contrato custaria US $ 2,50 x 100 = US $ 250 e cobriria 100 ações.
Contrato de Cobertura Neutra - Uma técnica de cobertura estática que envolve a compra de uma opção de venda ou a venda de uma opção de compra para cada 1 ação detida. Leia mais sobre contrato Cobertura Neutra Aqui!
Opinião Contrária - A crença oposta à do público em geral e / ou Wall Street. É mais significativo nos principais pontos de virada do mercado. Um consenso geral de opinião, seja otimista ou pessimista, geralmente marca um extremo. Um investidor tendo uma opinião contrária geralmente se beneficiará com o tempo.
Conversão - A transformação de uma posição longa de estoque em uma posição que é curta, utilizando opções, sem fechar a posição original de estoque longo, através do uso de posições sintéticas. Leia mais sobre conversões.
Consolidação - Quando os estoques começam a cair de lado depois de um aumento significativo, os investidores começam a vender algumas de suas participações para obter lucro.
Intervalo de contratos - O preço mais alto e mais baixo em que um contrato de opções foi negociado. Saiba mais sobre o intervalo de contratos.
Cobertura - para recomprar como uma transação de fechamento uma opção que foi inicialmente escrita.
Coberto Call Write - uma estratégia em que se escreve opções de compra ao mesmo tempo, possuir um número igual de ações do estoque subjacente. Leia tudo sobre as chamadas cobertas aqui!
Covered Put Write - uma estratégia na qual um vende opções de venda e simultaneamente é um número igual de ações do título subjacente. Aprenda tudo sobre o Covered Put.
Covered Straddle Write - o termo usado para descrever a estratégia na qual um investidor possui o título subjacente e também escreve um straddle nessa segurança. Esta não é realmente uma posição coberta.
Mandado coberto - o termo usado para mandatos estruturados que funciona quase exatamente da mesma forma que opções de compra e opções de venda. Leia sobre as diferenças entre warrants e opções.
Crédito - Dinheiro recebido em uma conta. Uma transação de crédito é aquela em que a receita líquida de venda é maior do que a receita líquida de compra (custo), trazendo dinheiro para a conta. Existem muitas estratégias de opções de crédito. Leia tudo sobre débito e crédito se espalha aqui!
Spread de Crédito - Uma posição de Spread de Crédito é um spread de opção no qual a renda líquida de venda é maior do que o produto líquido de compra (custo), trazendo dinheiro para a conta. Leia mais sobre os Spreads de Crédito.
Ordem do Dia - Uma ordem que expira no final do dia de negociação, se não for executada. Leia tudo sobre as ordens de opções aqui!
Day trader / Daytrader - Comerciantes que abrem e fecham posições de opções ou posições de múltiplas opções todas no mesmo dia de negociação.
Day trading / Daytrading - Método de negociação que envolve fazer negociações múltiplas que são abertas e fechadas no mesmo dia de negociação. Leia mais sobre os estilos de negociação de opções.
Débito - uma despesa ou dinheiro pago de uma conta. Uma transação de débito é aquela em que o custo líquido é maior do que a receita líquida de venda.
Dividir Spread - Opção de spreads que você tem que pagar dinheiro para colocar. Leia mais sobre os Spreads de Débito.
Decaimento - Veja Decaimento do Tempo.
Resultados finais - Os ativos financeiros que são entregues aos detentores de opções quando as opções são exercidas.
Delta - o valor pelo qual o preço de uma opção será alterado para uma mudança correspondente no preço pela entidade subjacente. As opções de chamada têm deltas positivos, enquanto as opções de venda têm deltas negativos. Tecnicamente, o delta é uma medida instantânea da mudança de preço da opção, de modo que o delta será alterado para alterações fracionais uniformes pela entidade subjacente. Consequentemente, os termos & quot; up delta & quot; e & quot; delta baixo & quot; pode ser aplicável. Eles descrevem a alteração da opção após uma alteração completa de 1 ponto no preço pela segurança subjacente - para cima ou para baixo. O & quot; up delta & quot; pode ser maior que o & quot; down delta & quot; para uma opção de chamada, enquanto o inverso é verdadeiro para as opções de venda. Para explicações mais detalhadas sobre Delta e outros gregos de opções, por favor, vá para Opções Delta.
Delta Neutro - Quando opções delta positivas e opções de delta negativo compensam uma à outra para produzir uma posição que não ganha nem diminui de valor à medida que a ação subjacente se move ligeiramente para cima ou para baixo. Tal posição retornará um lucro, não importa de que maneira o estoque subjacente eventualmente se mova, desde que o movimento seja significativo. Aprenda como executar o comércio neutro do delta.
Delta Spread - Uma taxa de spread que é estabelecida como uma posição neutra, utilizando os deltas das opções envolvidas. A razão neutra é determinada pela divisão do delta da opção comprada pelo delta da opção por escrito.
Derivativos - Um instrumento financeiro cujo valor é derivado em parte do valor e características de outro instrumento financeiro. Exemplos de derivativos são opções, futuros e warrants.
Diagonal Call Time Spread - Uma estratégia de negociação de opções neutras lucrando principalmente com a decadência do tempo, comprando a longo prazo nas opções de compra de dinheiro e encurtando o curto prazo das opções de compra de dinheiro contra eles. Leia o tutorial de propagação de tempo de chamada diagonal.
Diagonal Spread - Uma opção espalhada no mesmo tipo subjacente, mas diferente mês de vencimento e strike. Leia o tutorial Diagonal Spread.
Desconto - Uma opção está sendo negociada com desconto se estiver sendo negociada por menos do que seu valor intrínseco. Um futuro está sendo negociado com desconto se estiver negociando a um preço inferior ao preço à vista de seu índice ou commodity subjacente. Veja também Valor Intrínseco e Paridade.
Discount Broker - Uma corretora que oferece baixas taxas de comissão. Obter uma lista de corretores de opção aqui!
Dividendo - Quando uma empresa paga uma parte do lucro aos acionistas existentes. Esta parte do lucro pode ser em dinheiro ou em opções. Leia sobre os efeitos dos dividendos nas opções de ações.
Proteção Downside - Geralmente usado em conexão com a escrita de chamada coberta, esta é a proteção contra perda, no caso de uma queda de preço pela garantia subjacente, que é oferecida pela opção de compra por escrito. Alternativamente, pode ser expresso em termos da distância que o estoque pode cair antes que a posição total se torne uma perda (um valor igual ao prêmio da opção), ou pode ser expresso como uma porcentagem do preço atual da ação.
Cobertura Dinâmica - Uma técnica de cobertura que requer um reequilíbrio constante para manter o rácio de cobertura.
Exercício antecipado (atribuição) - O exercício ou cessão de um contrato de opção antes de sua data de expiração.
Opções de compra de ações pelo empregado - Opções de compra de ações concedidas a empregados por suas empresas, como meio de compensação e incentivo. Leia mais sobre as opções de ações do empregado.
Opção de patrimônio - uma opção que tem ações comuns como garantia subjacente.
ETF - Fundos Negociados em Bolsa. Fundos de caixa aberta negociados em uma bolsa como uma ação. Os ETFs possibilitaram aos investidores investir em uma variedade de outros instrumentos, como ouro e prata, assim como investir em ações.
Exercício Europeu - Uma característica de uma opção que estipula que a opção só pode ser exercida no seu vencimento. Portanto, não pode haver atribuição antecipada com esse tipo de opção. Leia o tutorial sobre opções de estilo europeu.
Exercício - Invocar o direito concedido sob os termos de um contrato de opções listado. O portador é aquele que se exercita. Os detentores de chamadas exercem a compra da garantia subjacente, enquanto os detentores de títulos exercem a venda da garantia subjacente. Leia o tutorial sobre como exercitar uma opção.
Limite de Exercício - O limite do número de contratos que um detentor pode exercer em um período fixo de tempo. Definido pela troca de opção apropriada, ele é projetado para evitar que um investidor ou grupo de investidores seja "cotado". o mercado em uma ação.
Preço de Exercício - O preço pelo qual o detentor da opção pode comprar ou vender o título subjacente, conforme definido nos termos do seu contrato de opção. É o preço pelo qual o detentor da chamada pode exercer a compra do título subjacente ou o detentor da posição pode exercer para vender a garantia subjacente. Para as opções listadas, o preço de exercício é o mesmo que o Preço de Exercício.
Retorno Esperado - Uma análise matemática bastante complexa envolvendo a distribuição estatística dos preços das ações, é o retorno que um investidor poderia esperar fazer em um investimento se fizesse exatamente o mesmo investimento muitas vezes ao longo da história.
Data de vencimento - O dia em que um contrato de opção se torna inválido. A data de vencimento das opções de ações listadas é o sábado após a terceira sexta-feira do mês de vencimento. Todos os titulares de opções devem indicar o desejo de exercer, se assim o desejarem, até esta data. Leia o tutorial completo sobre Expiração de Opções.
Tempo de Expiração - A hora do dia em que todos os avisos de exercício devem ser recebidos na data de expiração. Tecnicamente, o prazo de expiração é atualmente às 17h na data de expiração, mas os portadores públicos dos contratos de opção devem indicar seu desejo de exercer o mais tardar até às 17h30 do dia útil anterior à data de expiração. Os tempos são a hora do leste.
Expirar sem valor - quando as opções de dinheiro perdem todo o seu valor e expiram no dia da expiração. Leia o tutorial completo em Expire Worthless.
Valor Extrínseco - Também conhecido como "Valor Premium" ou "Valor do Tempo". É a diferença entre o preço de uma opção e o valor intrínseco. Leia o tutorial completo sobre o valor extrínseco.
Valor Justo - Termo usado para descrever o valor de uma opção ou contrato futuro conforme determinado por um modelo matemático.
Chamada Fiduciária - Uma opção de negociação que compra opções de compra como substituto para uma opção de compra ou casada na mesma proporção. Leia mais sobre chamadas fiduciárias aqui!
Instrumento Financeiro - Um documento físico ou eletrônico que possui valor monetário intrínseco ou transfere valor. Por exemplo, dinheiro, ações, futuros, opções e metais preciosos são instrumentos financeiros.
Frontspreads - Estratégias de opções projetadas para lucrar com condições de mercado neutras, onde os preços mudam muito pouco. Leia mais sobre o Frontspreads.
Análise Fundamental - Um método de analisar as perspectivas de um título, observando as medidas contábeis aceitas, como ganhos, vendas, ativos e assim por diante.
Gama - A taxa de mudança do delta de uma opção de ação para uma unidade de alteração no preço da ação subjacente. Leia tudo sobre opções gama.
Gama Neutra - Uma posição que tem valor gama zero ou próximo de zero, resultando no valor delta da posição permanecendo estagnada, não importando a movimentação do estoque subjacente. Leia tudo sobre gama neutra.
Goldilock Economy - Uma economia que tem crescimento estável e inflação moderada que não é nem muito aquecida nem fria e permite políticas monetárias favoráveis ​​ao mercado de ações.
Bom até cancelado (GTC) - Uma designação aplicada a alguns tipos de pedidos, o que significa que o pedido permanece em vigor até ser preenchido ou cancelado. Leia tudo sobre as ordens de opções aqui!
Indo em frente - Jargão do analista. Significado "no futuro". 12 meses daqui para frente significa 12 meses no futuro.
Gregos - Um conjunto de critérios matemáticos envolvidos no cálculo dos preços das opções de ações. Por favor, leia mais sobre Gregos Opcionais.
Grocession - Um período prolongado de 0 a 2% de crescimento no PIB que parecerá uma recessão.
Hedge - Transações que protegerão contra perdas através de um movimento compensatório de preços. Leia tudo sobre cobertura aqui!
Relação de Hedge - A quantidade matemática que é igual ao delta de uma opção. É útil na facilitação em que um hedge teoricamente sem risco pode ser estabelecido tomando posições de compensação no estoque subjacente e suas opções de compra ou venda. Leia tudo sobre a taxa de cobertura aqui!
Volatilidade histórica - Volatilidade do movimento do preço passado do ativo subjacente. Também conhecido como Volatilidade Realizada.
Distribuição de Tempo de Chamada Horizontal - Uma estratégia de opção na qual as opções de compra a longo prazo são compradas e as opções de compra a curto prazo são escritas para lucrar quando o estoque subjacente permanece estagnado. Leia o tutorial sobre a propagação do tempo de chamada horizontal.
Propagação Horizontal de Tempo de Colocação - Uma estratégia de opção na qual as opções de venda a prazo mais longo são compradas e as opções de venda a curto prazo são escritas para lucrar quando o estoque subjacente permanece estagnado. Leia o tutorial sobre o tempo de colocação horizontal.
Spread Horizontal - Uma estratégia de opção na qual as opções têm o mesmo preço de exercício, mas datas de vencimento diferentes.
Volatilidade Implícita - Uma medida da volatilidade da ação subjacente, é determinada usando preços atualmente existentes no mercado no momento, em vez de usar dados históricos sobre as variações de preço da ação subjacente. Leia mais sobre Volatilidade Implícita.
Conceito de Retorno Incremental - Uma estratégia de redação de chamada coberta na qual o investidor está se esforçando para obter um retorno adicional da opção por escrito em relação a uma posição acionária que ele tem como meta vender - possivelmente a preços substancialmente mais altos.
Índice - Uma compilação dos preços de várias entidades comuns em um único número.
Opção de Índice - Uma opção cujo ativo subjacente é um índice em vez de um ativo fixo, como ações. A maioria das opções de índice é baseada em dinheiro. Leia o tutorial completo sobre as opções de índice!
In the Money - Um termo que descreve qualquer contrato de opção que tenha valor intrínseco. Uma opção de compra é in-the-money se a garantia subjacente for maior que o preço de exercício da chamada. Uma opção de venda é in-the-money se a segurança estiver abaixo do preço de exercício. Leia tudo sobre nas opções de dinheiro aqui.
Valor Intrínseco - O valor de uma opção se ela expirar imediatamente com o estoque subjacente a seu preço atual; o valor pelo qual uma opção está dentro do dinheiro. Para as opções de compra, essa é a diferença entre o preço da ação e o preço da redução, se essa diferença for um número positivo, ou zero, caso contrário. Para as opções de venda, é a diferença entre o preço de exercício e o preço da ação, se essa diferença for positiva e zero, caso contrário. Leia o tutorial completo sobre o valor intrínseco!
Último dia de negociação - a terceira sexta-feira do mês de vencimento. As opções deixam de ser negociadas às 15:00, Hora do Leste, no último dia de negociação.
Leg - (Verb) Um método orientado para o risco de estabelecer uma posição bilateral. Em vez de entrar em uma transação simultânea para estabelecer a posição (um spread, por exemplo), o operador primeiro executa um lado da posição, esperando executar o outro lado mais tarde e um preço melhor. O risco se materializa do fato de que um preço melhor pode nunca estar disponível, e um preço pior deve ser aceito.
(Noun) Em uma estratégia de opção que envolve muitos tipos de opções, cada tipo de opção é conhecido como uma perna. Leia o tutorial completo em Options Leg!
Legging - Inserindo cada perna de uma posição de negociação de opções complexas separadamente e individualmente. Leia o tutorial completo sobre Legging!
LEAPS - Títulos de Antecipação de Capital de Longo Prazo. Simplesmente dito, é contratos de opção que expiram 1 ano ou mais no futuro. Às vezes, contratos de opção que expiram 6 meses a um ano depois também são conhecidos como LEAPS. Leia mais sobre os LAPs.
Cotações Nível II - Cotações em tempo real fornecidas pela NASDAQ descrevendo o lance específico solicitam o spread fornecido por cada criador de mercado. Leia tudo sobre as citações do nível II aqui.
Alavancagem - Nos investimentos, a obtenção de maior percentual de lucro e potencial de risco. Um detentor de chamada tem alavancagem em relação a um detentor de ações - o primeiro terá maiores lucros e perdas percentuais do que o segundo, para o mesmo movimento no estoque subjacente. Leia sobre como calcular as opções de alavancagem.
Limite - Veja Limite de Negociação.
Ordem Limitada - Uma ordem para comprar ou vender títulos a um preço especificado (o limite). Leia mais sobre a Ordem Limitada.
Líquido / Liquidez - A facilidade com que uma compra ou venda pode ser feita sem interromper os preços de mercado existentes. Leia sobre o que afeta a liquidez de opções de ações aqui!
Opção listada - Uma opção de venda ou compra negociada em uma troca de opção nacional. As opções listadas fixaram preços e datas de vencimento.
Longo - Ser longo é possuir algo. Leia mais sobre Posições de Opções Longas.
LookBack Options - Opções exóticas que permitem ao titular "Look Back" (olhar para trás) a ação do preço do ativo subjacente durante a expiração, para decidir o preço ótimo para o exercício das opções de Lookbacks. Leia mais sobre opções de lookback aqui!
Margem (ações) - Para comprar um título, emprestando fundos de uma corretora. O requisito de margem - o percentual máximo do investimento que pode ser emprestado pela corretora - é definido pelo Federal Reserve Board.
Margem (opções) - Depósito em dinheiro necessário para ser mantido em conta ao escrever opções. Leia o tutorial completo sobre a margem de opções.
Marcado-a-modelo - Um método de avaliação usando modelos financeiros para ativos de nível 2, que são ativos menos líquidos que são difíceis de avaliar devido à ausência de um mercado prontamente disponível.
Formador de Mercado - Um membro da bolsa cuja função é auxiliar na realização de um mercado, fazendo ofertas e ofertas por sua conta na ausência de ordens de compra ou venda públicas. Vários criadores de mercado são normalmente atribuídos a uma determinada segurança. O sistema criador de mercado engloba os criadores de mercado e os corretores do conselho. Leia tudo sobre os fabricantes de mercado aqui!
Ordem de Mercado - Uma ordem para comprar ou vender títulos pelo preço de mercado atual. O pedido será preenchido enquanto houver um mercado para a segurança. Leia tudo sobre opções Market Order!
Market On Close (MOC) - Uma ordem de negociação de opção que preenche uma posição perto do mercado. Leia tudo sobre as ordens de opções aqui!
Casados ​​e Ações - uma put e uma ação são considerados casados ​​se forem comprados no mesmo dia, e a posição é designada na ocasião como hedge. Leia mais sobre Casado Coloca Aqui!
Opções de Mini Índice - Opções de índice que são apenas um décimo do tamanho das opções de índice regulares. Leia mais sobre as opções Mini Index aqui!
Mini opções - opções de ações que cobrem apenas 10 ações em vez de 100 ações. Leia mais sobre as mini opções aqui!
Modelo - Uma fórmula matemática destinada a precificar uma opção em função de certas variáveis ​​- geralmente preço de ações, preço de exercício, volatilidade, prazo de vencimento, dividendos a serem pagos e a taxa de juros livre de risco atual. O modelo Black-Scholes é um dos modelos mais utilizados.
Moneyness - O preço de exercício de uma opção em relação ao preço vigente do ativo subjacente. Leia mais sobre moneyness aqui!
Compressão Múltipla - Onde o mercado em geral vende durante um período de tempo, a fim de reduzir geralmente os rácios de PE em toda a linha devido ao pessimismo sobre a macroeconomia.
Expansão Múltipla - Onde o mercado em geral se recupera ao longo de um período de tempo, a fim de aumentar os índices de PE em geral, devido ao otimismo em relação à macroeconomia.
NASDAQ - Associação Nacional de Revendedores de Valores Automáticos Sistema de Cotação Automática. É um mercado eletrônico nos EUA, onde os valores mobiliários são listados e negociados eletronicamente.
Opção nua - veja Opção Descoberta.
Baseada Estreita - Geralmente referindo-se a um índice, indica que o índice é composto apenas de poucas ações, geralmente em um grupo específico da indústria. Índices de base estreita NÃO estão sujeitos a tratamento favorável para os editores de opções.
Near The Money Options - Opções com preços de exercício próximos ao preço à vista da ação subjacente. Leia o tutorial sobre as opções Near The Money.
Neutro - Descrever uma opinião que não é nem baixa nem otimista. As estratégias de opções neutras são geralmente projetadas para ter um melhor desempenho se houver pouca ou nenhuma mudança líquida no preço do estoque subjacente.
Estratégias de Opções Neutras - Diferentes maneiras de usar opções no lucro de um estoque permanece estagnado ou dentro de um intervalo de negociação apertado. Leia o tutorial sobre Estratégias de Opções Neutras.
Opção não patrimonial - Uma opção cuja entidade subjacente não é ordinária; normalmente se refere a opções em commodities físicas, mas também pode ser estendido para incluir opções de índice.
Mercado unilateral - Uma condição de mercado em que há significativamente mais vendedores do que compradores ou mais compradores do que vendedores. In this case, there are not enough buyers putting up offers to buy from sellers or that there are not enough sellers putting up offers to sell to buyers.
Open Interest - The net total of outstanding open contracts in a particular option series. An opening transaction increases the open interest, while any closing transaction reduces the open interest. Read More About Volume and Open Interest.
Option - The right to buy or sell specific securities at a specified price within a specified time. A put gives the holder the right to sell the stock, a call the right to buy the stock.
Options Chains - Tables presenting the various options that a stock offers over various strike price and expiration dates. Read the full tutorial on Options Chains.
Options Contracts - Contingent claims contracts that allows its holder to buy or sell a specific asset when exercised. Read the full tutorial on Options Contracts.
Options on Futures - Options that have futures contracts as their underlying asset. Read the full tutorial on Options on Futures.
Optionable Stocks - Stocks with tradable options.
Option Pain - Also known as Max Pain or Max Option Pain. It is the stock price which will result in the most number of options contracts expiring out of the money. Read More About Option Pain.
Option Pricing Curve - A graphical representation of the projected price of an option at a fixed point in time. It reflects the amount of time value premium in the option for various stock prices, as well. The curve is generated by using a mathematical model. The delta (or hedge ratio) is the slope of a tangent line to the curve at a fixed stock price.
Option Trader - Also known as Options Trader. It is anyone who buys and sells options in the capital market. Read more about Option Traders.
Option Trading - Also known as Options Trading. It is the buying and selling of stock and index options in the capital market so as to speculate for leveraged profits in every market condition or perform hedging to reduce portfolio risk. Read more about Option Trading.
Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) - The issuer of all listed option contracts that are trading on the national option exchanges.
Options Margin - See "Margin (Options)".
Options Trading - The buying and selling of stock and index options in the capital market so as to speculate for leveraged profits in every market condition or perform hedging to reduce portfolio risk. Read more about Options Trading.
Options Trader - Anyone who buys and sells options in the capital market. Read more about Option Trading.
Options Strategist - An investment professional who specializes in research, analysis and execution of options strategies.
Options Symbol - A string of alphabets that define specific options contracts. Can be referred to as the name of an options contract. Read more about Reading Options Symbols.
Out of the Money - Describing an option that has no intrinsic value. A call option is out-of-the-money if the stock is below the strike price of the call, while a put option is out-of-the-money if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put. Read More About Out Of The Money Options.
Over-the-Counter Option (OTC) - An option traded over-the-counter, as opposed to a listed stock option. The OTC option has a direct link between buyer and seller, has no secondary market, and has no standardization of striking prices and expiration dates.
Overvalued - Describing a security trading at a higher price than it logically should. Normally associated with the results of option price predictions by mathematical models. If an option is trading in the market for a higher price than the model indicates, the option is said to be overvalued.
Parity - Describing an in-the-money option trading for its intrinsic value: that is, an option trading at parity with the underlying stock. Also used as a point of reference-an option is sometimes said to be trading at a half-point over parity or at a quarter-point under parity, for example. An option trading under parity is a discount option.
Physical Option - An option whose underlying security is a physical commodity that is not stock or futures. The physical commodity itself typically a currency or Treasury debt issue-underlies that option contract.
Physically Settled Option - An option which the actual underlying asset exchange hands when exercised. Read more about Physically Settled Options.
Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain options of different stocks or a combination of shares, options and other financial instruments.
Position - Specific securities in an account or strategy. A covered call writing position might be long 1,000 XYZ and short 10 XYZ January 30 calls. It also refers to facilitate; buy or sell a block of securities, thereby establishing a position.
Position Trading - The use of options trading strategies in order to profit from the unique opportunities presented by stock options, such as time decay, volatility and even arbitrage to make safe, fixed, albeit lower profit. Read more about Options Trading Styles.
Premium - The total price of an option contract is made up of the sum of the intrinsic value and the time value premium. Even though most people refer to the price of an option contract as the "Premium", it is actually an inaccurate expression. The Premium of an option contract is the part of the price that is not intrinsic. Please read more about Options Premium.
Premium Over Parity - See Extrinsic Value.
Profit Range - The range within which a particular position makes a profit. Generally used in reference to strategies that have two break-even points-an upside break-even and a downside breakeven. The price range between the two break-even points would be the profit range.
Profit Table - A table of results of a particular strategy at some point in time. This is usually a tabular compilation of the data drawn on a profit graph.
Protected Strategy - A position that has limited risk. A protected short sale (short stock, long call) has limited risk, as does a protected straddle write (short straddle, long out-of-the-money combination). The Ride The Flow System is an example of a protected strategy.
Protective Call - An option trading hedging strategy that protects profits made in a short stock position using call options. Read More About Protective call Here!
Protective Put - An option trading hedging strategy that hedges against a drop in stock price using put options. Read More About Protective Put Here!
Public Book (of orders) - The orders to buy or sell, entered by the public, that are away from the current market. The board broker or specialist keeps the public book. Market-makers on the CBOE can see the highest bid and lowest offer at any time. The specialist’s book is closed (only he knows at what price and in what quantity the nearest public orders are).
Pull back - A temporary fall in price after a rally. The rally usually continues after a Pull Back. This is also known as a "Correction".
Put Broken Wing Butterfly Spread - A Butterfly Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile which makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to upside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money put options than a regular butterfly spread. Read the tutorial on Put Broken Wing Butterfly Spread.
Put Broken Wing Condor Spread - A Put Condor Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile which makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to upside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money put options than a regular put condor spread. Read the tutorial on Put Broken Wing Condor Spread.
Put Call Parity - Put Call Parity is an option pricing concept that requires the extrinsic values of call and put options to be in equilibrium so as to prevent arbitrage. Put Call Parity também é conhecido como a Lei do Preço Único. Read About Put Call Parity Here.
Put Call Ratio - The ratio of the number of open put options against the number of open call options. The higher the resulting number, the more put options are bought or shorted on the underlying asset. For daily total equity put call ratio, please visit Option Trader's HQ. Read more about Put Call Ratio.
Put Option - An option granting the holder the right to sell the underlying security at a certain price for a specified period of time. See also Call. Read About Put Options Here.
Put Ratio Backspread - A credit options trading strategy with unlimited profit to downside and limited profit to upside through buying more out of the money puts than in the money puts are shorted. Read the tutorial on Call Ratio Backspread.
Put Ratio Spread - A credit options trading strategy with the ability to profit when a stock goes up, down or sideways through shorting more out of the money puts than in the money puts are bought. Read the tutorial on Put Ratio Spread.
Quadruple Witching - The third Friday of March, June, September and December when Index Futures, Index Options, Stock Futures and Stock Options expire. Este é um dos dias de negociação mais voláteis do ano, com volume de negociação excepcionalmente alto. Read all about Quadruple Witching.
Quarterlies / Quarterly Options - Options with quarterly expiration cycle. Read more about Quarterly Options.
Ratio Backspread - Credit volatile options trading strategy that opens up one leg for unlimited profit through selling a smaller amount of in the money options against the purchase of at the money or out of the money options of the same type. Read the Tutorial on Ratio Backspreads.
Ratio Calendar Combination - A strategy consisting of a simultaneous position of a ratio calendar spread using calls and a similar position using puts, where the striking price of the calls is greater than the striking price of the puts.
Ratio Calendar Spread - Selling more near-term options than longer-term ones purchased, all with the same strike; either puts or calls.
Ratio Spread - Constructed with either puts or calls, the strategy consists of buying a certain amount of options and then selling a larger quantity of out-of-the-money options.
Ratio Strategy - A strategy in which one has an unequal number of long securities and short securities. Normally, it implies a preponderance of short options over either long options or long stock.
Ratio Write - Buying stock and selling a preponderance of calls against the stock that is owned.
Realize (a profit or loss) - The act of closing a position, incurring a profit or a loss. As long as a position is not closed, the profit or loss remains unrealized.
Resistance - A term in technical analysis indicating a price area higher than the current stock price where an abundance of supply exists for the stock, and therefore the stock may have trouble rising through the price.
Reward / Risk Ratio - A gauge of how risky a position can be by dividing its maximum profit potential against the maximum loss potential. A ratio of above 1 means that the potential reward is higher than the potential loss. Read the full tutorial on Calculating Reward Risk Ratio.
Return On Investment (ROI) - The percentage profit that one makes, or might make, on his investment.
Return If Exercised - The return that a covered call writer would make if the underlying stock were called away.
Return If Unchanged - The return that an investor would make on a particular position if the underlying stock were unchanged in price at the expiration of the options in the position.
Reversal - The transformation of a short stock position into a position which is long the stock using options, without closing the original short stock position, through the use of synthetic positions. Read more about reversals and synthetic positions.
Reverse Hedge - A strategy in which one sells the underlying stock short and buys calls on more shares than he has sold short. This is also called a synthetic straddle and is an outmoded strategy for stocks that have listed puts trading.
Reverse Strategy - A general name that is given to strategies which are the opposite of better known strategies. For example, a ratio spread consists of buying calls at a lower strike and selling more calls at a higher strike. A reverse ratio spread also known as a backspread consists of selling the calls at the lower strike and buying more calls at the higher strike. The results are obviously directly opposite to each other.
Risk Graph - A graphical representation of the risk/reward profile of an option position. Learn All About Risk Graphs Now!
Risk Free Return - Profit on a risk free investment instrument such as the Treasury bills. It is a common standard of measuring the opportunity cost of having your money in anything other than Treasury bills.
Roll Down - Close out options at one strike and simultaneously open other options at a lower strike. Read the tutorial about Roll Down.
Roll Forward - Close out options at a near-term expiration date and open options at a longer-term expiration date. Read the tutorial about Roll Forward.
Rolling - A follow up action in which the strategist closes options currently in the position and opens other options with different terms, on the same underlying stock.
Roll Up - Close out options at a lower strike and open options at a higher strike. Read the tutorial about Roll Up.
Rotation - A trading procedure on the option exchanges whereby bids and offers, but not necessarily trades, are made sequentially for each series of options on an underlying stock.
Russell Sage - Renowned American Politician and Financier who introduced OTC call and put options in 1872. Read about the History of Options Trading.
Security / Securities - (finance) A tradable financial instrument signifying ownership in financial assets issued by companies or governments. Such financial assets includes but are not restricted to stocks, bonds, futures and debts.
Sell To Close - Closing a position by selling an option contract you own. Learn About Sell To Close Now!
Sell To Open - Opening a position by selling an option contract to a buyer. Learn About Sell To Open Now!
Selling Climax - Exceptionally heavy volume created when panic-stricken investors dump stocks. Often this marks the end of a bear market and is a spot to buy.
Series - An option contracts on the same underlying stock having the same striking price, expiration date, and unit of trading.
Settlement - The resolution of the terms of an options contract between the holder and the writer when the options contract is exercised. Read the full tutorial on Options Settlement.
Short (to be short) - To Short means to Sell To Open. That means to write or sell an options contract to a buyer. This gives you the obligation to fulfill the exercise of the option should the buyer decides to do so. Read all about Short Options Positions.
Short Backspread - Volatile options strategies which are set up with a net credit and unlimited profit potential in one direction.
Short Calendar Spread - Volatile options strategies that profit primarily through the difference in time decay of long term and short term options, achieved through writing longer term options and buying short term options. Read the full tutorial on Short Calendar Spreads.
Short Horizontal Calendar Call Spread - Short Calendar Spread that uses only call options. Read the full tutorial on Short Horizontal Calendar Call Spreads.
Short Covering - The process of buying back stock that has already been sold short.
Spread - An options position consisting of more than one type of options on a single underlying asset. Read the full tutorial on Options Spreads.
Spread Order - An order to simultaneously transact two or more option trades. Typically, one option would be bought while another would simultaneously be sold. Spread orders may be limit orders, not held orders, or orders with discretion. They cannot be stop orders, however. The spread order may be either a debit or credit.
Spread Strategy - Any option position having both long options and short options of the same type on the same underlying security.
Static Hedging - A hedging technique where a hedging trade is established and held without needing to rebalance.
Stock Options - Options contracts with shares as the underlying asset. Read All About Stock Options.
Stock Replacement Strategy - A trading strategy that seeks to reduce risk and volatility through owning deep in the money call options instead of the stock itself and using the remaining cash for hedging. Read All About Stock Replacement Strategy.
Stock Repair Strategy - An options strategy that aims to recover lost value in a stock quickly through writing call options against it. Read All About Stock Repair Strategy.
Stop Limit Order - Similar to a stop order, the stop-limit order becomes a limit order, rather than a market order, when the security trades at the price specified on the stop. Read All About Options Stop Loss Here!
Stop Order - A traditional stop loss method which closes a position when a predetermined price is hit. Read All About Options Orders Here!
Straddle - The purchase or sale of an equal number of puts and calls having the same terms.
Strip Straddle - A Straddle with more put options than call options. Read the full tutorial on Strip Straddle.
Strap Straddle - A Straddle with more call options than put options. Read the full tutorial on Strap Straddle.
Strategy - With respect to option investments, a preconceived, logical plan of position selection and follow-up action.
Strike Arbitrage - An options arbitrage strategy that locks in discrepancies in options pricing between strike prices for a risk-free arbitrage. Read More About Strike Arbitrage.
Strike Price - The price at which the buyer of a call can purchase the stock during the life of the option or the price at which the buyer of a put can sell the stock during the life of the option. Read More About Strike Prices.
Structured Warrants - An alternative to stock options which works almost exactly like stock options and traded in markets such as the Singapore market. See how Structured Warrants Are Traded In The Singapore Market.
Support - A term in technical analysis indicating a price area lower than the current price of the stock, where demand is thought to exist. Thus a stock would stop declining when it reached a support area. See also Resistance.
Swing Trading - A trading methodology that trades short term price swings for short term profits. Read more about Options Trading Styles.
Synthetic Position - A combination of stocks and/or options that return the same payoff characteristics of another stock or option position.
Synthetic Put - A security which some brokerage firms offer to their customers. The broker sells stock short and buys a call, while the customer receives the synthetic put. This is not a listed security, but a secondary market is available as long as there is a secondary market in the calls.
Synthetic Stock - An option strategy that is equivalent to the underlying stock. A long call and a short put is synthetic long stock. A long put and a short call is synthetic short stock.
Synthetic Short Straddle - A combination of stocks and call options which produces the same payoff characteristics as a Short Straddle. Leia mais sobre o Short Straddle Sintético.
Synthetic Straddle - A combination of stocks and call options which produces the same payoff characteristics as a Long Straddle. Leia mais sobre o Straddle Sintético.
Systematic Risk / Systemic Risk - Overall market risk that cannot be diversified away using a diversified portfolio based in the same market.
Take Delivery - To fulfill the obligation of buying stocks when put options that you sold becomes exercised.
Technical Analysis - The method of predicting future stock price movements based on observation of historical stock price movements.
Thales of Miletus - The creator of options back in 332BC. Leia sobre o histórico de negociação de opções.
Theoretical Value - The price of an option, or a spread, as computed by a mathematical model.
Theta - One of the 5 option greeks. Theta determines the rate of time decay of an option contract's premium. For more details on how Theta works and how it is calculated, please visit Option Greeks.
Ticker Symbol - Symbol representing the shares and options of a company's shares traded in the stock market. MSFT is the ticker symbol for Micrsoft shares while MSQFB is the ticker symbol for Microsoft's June29Call options.
Time Decay - The reduction of a stock option's extrinsic value as expiration date draws nearer. See "Theta" above. Read the full tutorial on Time Decay.
Time Spread - see Calendar Spread. Read the full tutorial on Time Spreads.
Time Value - Also known as "Premium Value" or "Extrinsic Value". It is the difference between an option's price and the intrinsic value. Read more about how Stock Options Are Priced.
Topping Out - A peak point where the sellers begin to outnumber the buyers.
Total Return Concept - A covered call writing strategy in which one views the potential profit of the strategy as the sum of capital gains, dividends, and option premium income, rather than viewing each one of the three separately.
Trading Limit - The exchange imposed maximum daily price change that a futures contract or futures option contract can undergo.
Trend - The direction of a price movement. A trend in motion is assumed to remain intact until there is a clear change.
Triple Witching - Prior to 2001. The third Friday of March, June, September, and December, when stock options, index futures and options on index futures expire. After 2001, the introduction of Single Stock Futures transformed Triple Witching into Quadruple Witching as single stock futures expire on the third Friday of every quarterly month as well.
Type - The designation to distinguish between a put or call option.
Uncovered Option - A written option is considered to be uncovered if the investor does not have a corresponding position in the underlying security.
Underlying Asset - The security which one has the right to buy or sell via the terms of a listed option contract. An underlying asset can be any financial instrument on which option contracts can be written based on. Some examples are : Stocks, ETFs, Commodities, Forex, Index.
Undervalued - Describing a security that is trading at a lower price than it logically should. Usually determined by the use of a mathematical model.
Variable Ratio Write - An option strategy in which the investor owns 100 shares of the underlying security and writes two call options against it, each option having a different striking price.
Vertical Spread - Any option spread strategy in which the options have different striking prices, but the same expiration date. Read the full tutorial on Vertical Spreads.
Vertical Ratio Spread - Vertical spreads that buy and short an unequal number of options on each leg. Read the full tutorial on Vertical Ratio Spreads.
VIX - An index measuring the level of implied volatility in US index options and is used as a measurement of volatility in the US stock market. Read More About VIX.
VIX Options - Non-equity options based on the CBOE VIX. Read More About VIX Options.
Volatile - A stock or market that is expected to move up or down unexpectedly or drastically is known as a volatile market or stock.
Volatile Strategy - An option strategy that is constructed to profit no matter if the underlying stock moves up or down quickly. Read All About Volatile Option Strategies.
Volatility - A measure of the amount by which an underlying security is expected to fluctuate in a given period of time. Generally measured by the annual standard deviation of the daily price changes in the security, volatility is not equal to the Beta of the stock. Read More About Volatility.
Volatility Crunch - A sudden, dramatic, drop in implied volatility resulting in a sharp reduction in extrinsic value and hence the price of options. Read More About Volatility Crunch.
Volatility Index - Also known as VXN, is an index by the CBOE that measures volatility in the market using implied volatility of S&P500 stock index options.
Volatility Skew - A graphical characteristic of the implied volatility of options of the same underlying asset across different strikes forming a right skewed curve. Read More About Volatiliy Skew.
Volatility Smile - A graphical characteristic of the implied volatility of options of the same underlying asset across different strikes forming the concave shape of a smile. Read More About Volatiliy Smile.
Volume - The number of transactions that took place in a trading day. Read More About Volume and Open Interest.
Write - To short an option. This is the act of creating a new options contract and selling it in the exchange using the Sell To Open order. The person who writes an option is known as the "Writer". Read the full tutorial on Options Writing.
WALK LIMIT® Order - WALK LIMIT® is a registered U. S trademark of optionsXpress Holdings Inc. covering securities and commodities trading and investment services and software. One of the services offered under the WALK LIMIT® mark is a type of automated limit order that "walks" your order from the National Best Bid or Offer (NBBO) in prescribed time and price increments up to (or down to) the asking price (bid price) in order to save you time while attempting to get the best fill prices for the orders.

Stock options glossary

Bem-vindo ao glossário do mercado de ações da Firstrade. Faça toda a pesquisa que você quiser. Use this glossary to look up any financial term.
Não exercitar ou vender uma opção. Um investidor geralmente escolhe o abandono quando a opção está fora do dinheiro na data de vencimento.
The current price above face value. Isso geralmente ocorre quando o cupom pago sobre o título é maior do que a taxa de juros de mercado para títulos semelhantes. If the investor purchased the bond above par, he/she will suffer a capital loss upon the Bond's maturity since it will only be redeemed at face value.
A responsabilidade atual da empresa pertence aos credores por bens e serviços obtidos durante o curso normal dos negócios.
Ativo circulante devido à empresa por serviços ou mercadorias vendidas a crédito.
A diferença entre o valor nominal de uma garantia de cupom zero e seu preço de compra original. Também conhecido como desconto de emissão original.
Um título que é vendido com um desconto profundo ao seu valor nominal e não paga cupons. Accrual bonds tend to be illiquid, and very sensitive to changes in interest rates. Embora não exista um fluxo de caixa real de juros, os juros imputados em uma obrigação de acumulação são tributáveis ​​à medida que são acumulados nas leis tributárias dos EUA.
O montante de juros que o comprador deve ao vendedor em transações de títulos de renda fixa, como a maioria dos títulos e notas.
Um título vendido a um preço abaixo do seu valor de face e que pode ser resgatado pelo valor de face quando é vencido. Também chamado de bônus de desconto.
O ato de adquirir o controle de outra corporação, seja por compra de ações ou troca. Isto pode ser conseguido através de meios hostis ou amigáveis.
A supervisão constante das participações de uma carteira para maximizar os ganhos. Active management by fund managers is one of the benefits of a mutual fund.
O endereço da sede da empresa, conforme previsto nos últimos registros da SEC.
Estratégias de opções complexas. See Spread Order, Straddle, Strangle, Buy/Write, Sell/Write, and Unwind.
The firm primarily responsible for a fund's day-to-day operation.
Os títulos de compra e venda quando os principais mercados estão fechados. Negociações fora do expediente já foram um privilégio de investidores institucionais, os investidores individuais podem agora participar. Os estoques são negociados após o expediente nas ECNs, que combinam compradores e vendedores com um sistema de computador para executar negociações.
Markets in which an investor purchases a security from other investors rather than the issuer, subsequent to the original issuance in the primary market. Também chamado de mercado secundário.
As contas, notas e títulos emitidos por agências do governo federal.
Os fundos de investimento que se concentram em ações de pequenas empresas, o alto nível de risco do fundo é justificado pelo potencial de ganhos acelerados.
O tipo de pedido instruindo a execução de toda a quantidade do pedido no preço declarado (ou melhor), ou nenhum deles. Isso evita pedidos parcialmente preenchidos. A diferença entre All-or-None e Fill-or-Kill é que a ordem AON é deixada em aberto se a quantidade total da ordem não puder ser preenchida, enquanto a ordem FOK será cancelada.
A medida do retorno ajustado ao risco de um fundo. Alpha is derived by compares the fund's actual returns and the expected returns as determined by its level of risk (beta). Um alfa positivo indica que o fundo teve um desempenho melhor que o esperado, enquanto um alfa negativo indica que o fundo teve um desempenho inferior ao esperado.
American Depositary Receipt (ADR)
Os certificados negociáveis ​​mantidos em um banco dos EUA representando ações de uma ação estrangeira negociada em uma bolsa de valores dos EUA.
American Depositary Share (ADS)
As ações emitidas sob um acordo de ADR, que é realmente negociado.
American Stock Exchange (AMEX)
Uma grande bolsa de ações e opções localizada em 86 Trinity Place, Nova York.
An option contract that can be exercised at any time between the date of purchase to expiration. A maioria das opções negociadas em bolsa é de estilo americano.
A eliminação gradual de um passivo, em pagamentos regulares durante um período de tempo especificado. Such payments must be sufficient to cover both principal and interest.
O custo total de um empréstimo por ano, incluindo juros e a maioria ou todas as taxas.
Rendimento anual percentual (APY)
O rendimento total que um investimento ganha por ano. O APY geralmente representa os ganhos totais de uma conta em dinheiro, como um fundo do mercado monetário ou uma conta de poupança, ou faz parte dos retornos de ações e títulos, que também podem ter um crescimento de capital.
O relatório auditado dos resultados financeiros e operações de final de ano de uma empresa arquivado anualmente na SEC. The report contains information on the company's financial condition, legal liabilities and future plans. Os acionistas podem obter uma cópia gratuita do Relatório Anual da corporação.
Um relatório que fornece uma visão geral do desempenho e das operações do fundo. A SEC exige fundos para distribuir o relatório aos acionistas pelo menos semestralmente.
The return on an investment over a specified number of years, calculated as what an investor would have received each year if the cumulative return were distributed evenly over each year within the specified time period.
Types of funds that invest in stocks whose value is expected to increase significantly.
Lucrando com as diferenças no preço de um título negociado em vários mercados.
Índice de Armas - TRading INdex (TRIN)
A market indicator used in technical analysis, calculated as follows: Arms Index = ((# of advancing issues / # of declining issues) / (Total up volume / Total down volume)). Um valor menor que 1 é considerado otimista, maior que 1 descendente.
Os juros de mora ou dividendos de um título ou ação preferencial.
Um fundo que visa principalmente as ações de empresas localizadas na Ásia. Esses fundos atraem os investidores que estão otimistas com o potencial das empresas asiáticas e querem aproveitar esse crescimento.
Uma opção cujo pagamento depende do valor médio de um título subjacente durante um período especificado.
O menor preço do lote redondo em que um corretor venderá um título.
Também conhecido como preço de oferta, o preço de venda é o preço pelo qual as ações de um fundo mútuo podem ser compradas. The ask price is calculated by adding a fund's current net asset value per share to its sales charges, if any.
O recebimento de um aviso de exercício por um escritor de opções que exige que ele venda (no caso de uma chamada) ou compre (no caso de uma venda) a garantia subjacente no preço de exercício especificado.
Obrigações municipais usadas para projetos específicos, a serem pagas usando os recursos fiscais coletados daqueles que se beneficiam do projeto. Também chamado de vínculo de propósito especial.
Fundos que procuram fornecer um mix ideal de ações, títulos e dinheiro a qualquer momento.
Uma opção é a dinheiro se o preço de exercício da opção for igual ao preço de mercado do título subjacente. Por exemplo, se as ações de uma empresa estão sendo negociadas a US $ 68, a opção de US $ 68 da empresa é no dinheiro.
A emissão de novos títulos do Tesouro, notas e títulos em intervalos estabelecidos pelo Federal Reserve.
Um mercado em que compradores e vendedores fazem lances e ofertas simultaneamente, como a Bolsa de Valores de Nova York.
Um serviço de acionistas que permite a transferência periódica de um valor pré-definido da conta bancária do acionista em sua conta de fundo mútuo.
Also known as an index, it is the mathematical calculation that indicates the value of a group of securities. Algumas das mais famosas médias incluem o Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI), o Standard & Poor's (S & P) 500 e o New York Stock Exchange Composite.
Uma estimativa do prazo até o vencimento para um pool de títulos lastreados em hipotecas.
The average time to maturity of securities held by a mutual fund. Mudanças nas taxas de juros têm maior impacto nos fundos com uma vida média mais longa.
O volume médio é calculado dividindo-se o volume total dos três meses anteriores pelo número de dias de negociação no período. Compare esse número com o volume diário para ver se o interesse na segurança aumentou ou diminuiu.
On a limit order, a buy order which is lower than the current market price, or a sell order which is higher than the current market price. Essas ordens são mantidas para serem executadas posteriormente, a menos que sejam do tipo preencher ou matar.

Options Glossary: C.
Cboe C2 Options Exchange.
Propagação do calendário.
An option strategy that generally involves the purchase of a longer-termed option(s) (call or put) and the writing of an equal number of nearer-termed option(s) of the same type and strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call (far-term portion of the spread) and writing 1 XYZ March 60 call (near-term portion of the spread). See also Horizontal spread.
Opção de chamada.
An option contract that gives the owner the right but not the obligation to buy the underlying security at a specified price (its strike price) for a certain, fixed period (until its expiration). For the writer of a call option, the contract represents an obligation to sell the underlying product if the option is assigned.
Carry / Carrying cost.
The interest expense on money borrowed to finance a securities position.
Cash settlement amount.
The difference between the exercise price of the option being exercised and the exercise settlement value of the index on the day the index option is exercised. See also Exercise settlement amount.
Cboe Board Options Exchange.
Class of options.
A term referring to all options of the same type (either calls or puts) covering the same underlying stock.
Close / Closing transaction.
A reduction or an elimination of an open position by the appropriate offsetting purchase or sale. A selling transaction closes an existing long option position. A purchase transaction closes an existing short option position. This transaction reduces the open interest for the specific option involved.
Preço final.
The final price of a security at which a transaction was made. See also Settlement price.
A protective strategy in which a written call and a long put are taken against a previously owned long stock position. The options typically have different strike prices (put strike lower than call strike). Expiration months may or may not be the same. For example, if the investor previously purchased XYZ Corporation at $46 and it rose to $62, the investor could establish a collar involving the purchase of a May 60 put and the writing of a May 65 call to protect some of the unrealized profit in the XYZ Corporation stock position. The investor may also use the reverse (a long call combined with a written put) if he has previously established a short stock position in XYZ Corporation. See also Fence.
Garantia.
Securities against which loans are made. If the value of the securities (relative to the loan) declines to an unacceptable level, this triggers a margin call. As such, the investor is asked to post additional collateral or the securities are sold to repay the loan.
Combinação.
An arrangement of options involving two long, two short, or one long and one short positions. The positions can have different strikes or expiration months. The term combination varies by investor. Example: a long combination might be buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and selling 1 XYZ May 60 put.
Condor spread.
A strategy involving four strike prices with both limited risk and limited profit potential. Establish a long call condor spread by buying one call at the lowest strike, writing one call at the second strike, writing another call at the third strike, and buying one call at the fourth (highest) strike. This spread is also referred to as a flat-top butterfly.
Contingency order.
An order to execute a transaction in one security that depends on the price of another security. An example might be to sell the XYZ May 60 call at $2.00, contingent upon XYZ stock being at or below $59.
Contract size.
The amount of the underlying asset covered by the option contract. This is 100 shares for 1 equity option unless adjusted for a special event. See also Adjustments.
Conversão.
An investment strategy in which a long put and a short call with the same strike price and expiration combine with long stock to lock in a nearly riskless profit. For example, buying 100 shares of XYZ stock, writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and buying 1 XYZ May 60 put at desirable prices. The process of executing these three-sided trades is sometimes called conversion arbitrage. See also Reversal / Reverse conversion.
To close out an open position. This term most often describes the purchase of an option or stock to close out an existing short position for either a profit or loss.
Covered call / Covered call writing.
An option strategy in which a call option is written against an equivalent amount of long stock. Example: writing 2 XYZ May 60 calls while owning 200 shares or more of XYZ stock. See also Buy-write and Overwrite.
Covered combination.
A strategy in which one call and one put with the same expiration, but different strike prices, are written against each 100 shares of the underlying stock. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and writing 1 XYZ May 55 put, and buying 100 shares of XYZ stock. In actuality, this is not a fully covered strategy because assignment on the short put requires purchase of additional stock.
Opção coberta.
An open short option position completely offset by a corresponding stock or option position. A covered call could be offset by long stock or a long call, while a covered put could be offset by a long put or a short stock position. This insures that if the owner of the option exercises, the writer of the option will not have a problem fulfilling the delivery requirements. See also Uncovered call option writing and Uncovered put option writing.
Covered put / Covered cash-secured put.
The cash-secured put is an option strategy in which a put option is written against a sufficient amount of cash (or Treasury bills) to pay for the stock purchase if the short option is assigned.
Covered straddle.
An option strategy in which one call and one put with the same strike price and expiration are written against each 100 shares of the underlying stock. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and 1 XYZ May 60 put, and buying 100 shares of XYZ stock. In actuality, this is not a fully covered strategy because assignment on the short put requires purchase of additional stock.
Money received in an account either from a deposit or from a transaction that results in increasing the account's cash balance.
Credit spread.
A spread strategy that increases the account's cash balance when established. A bull spread with puts and a bear spread with calls are examples of credit spreads.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's Delta for a one-unit change in the price of the underlying stock. See also Delta.
The expiration dates applicable to the different series of options. Traditionally, there were three cycles:
Today, most equity options expire on a hybrid cycle, which involves four option series: the two nearest-term calendar months and the next two months from the traditional cycle to which that class of options has been assigned. For example, on January 1, a stock in the January cycle will be trading options expiring in these months: January, February, April and July. After the January expiration, the months outstanding will be February, March, April and July.
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Opções gratuitas e sem preconceitos Aprender pessoalmente e online Avance no seu próprio ritmo.
Começando.
Estratégias & amp; Conceitos Avançados.
Opções de Educação.
Seminários & amp; Eventos
Ferramentas & amp; Recursos.
Ferramentas & amp; Recursos (cont.)
Notícias & amp; Pesquisa.
Investidores institucionais.
Opções para conselheiros.
Este site discute as opções negociadas em bolsa emitidas pela The Options Clearing Corporation. Nenhuma declaração neste site deve ser interpretada como uma recomendação para comprar ou vender um título, ou para fornecer consultoria de investimento. As opções envolvem risco e não são adequadas para todos os investidores. Antes de comprar ou vender uma opção, uma pessoa deve receber uma cópia das Características e Riscos das Opções Padronizadas. Cópias deste documento podem ser obtidas junto à sua corretora, a partir de qualquer bolsa na qual as opções são negociadas ou contatando The Options Clearing Corporation, One North Wacker Dr., Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60606 (investorservices@theocc).
&cópia de; 1998-2018 O Conselho da Indústria de Opções - Todos os direitos reservados. Por favor, veja nossa Política de Privacidade e nosso Acordo de Usuário.

Options Glossary.
Ajustes
A change to contract terms due to a corporate action (e. g., a merger or stock split). Depending on the corporate action, different contract terms (including strike price, deliverable, expiration date, multiplier etc.) could be adjusted. An adjusted option may cover more or less than the usual 100 shares. For example, after a 3-for-2 stock split, the adjusted option will represent 150 shares. For such options, the premium must be multiplied by a corresponding factor. Example: buying 1 call (covering 150 shares) at 4 would cost $600.
All-or-none order (AON)
A type of option order which requires that the order be executed completely or not at all. An AON order may be either a day order or a GTC (good-‘til-cancelled) order.
American-style option.
An option that can be exercised at any time prior to its expiration date. See also European-style option.
A trading technique that involves the simultaneous purchase and sale of identical assets or equivalent assets in two different markets with the intent of profiting by the price discrepancy.
Ask / Ask price.
The price at which a seller is offering to sell an option or a stock. See also Assignment.
Assigned (an exercise)
Received notification of an assignment by OCC. See also Assignment.
Tarefa.
Notification by OCC to a clearing member that an owner of an option has exercised their rights. For equity and index options, OCC makes assignments on a random basis. See also Delivery and Exercise.
At-the-money / At-the-money option.
A term that describes an option with a strike price that is equal to the current market price of the underlying stock.
Averaging down.
Buying more of a stock or an option at a lower price than the original purchase to reduce the average cost.
Backspread.
A Delta-neutral spread composed of more long options than short options on the same underlying instrument. This position generally profits from a large movement in either direction in the underlying instrument.
Cboe Bats BZX Options Exchange.
Bear (or bearish) spread.
One of a variety of strategies involving two or more options (or options combined with a position in the underlying stock) that can potentially profit from a fall in the price of the underlying stock.
Bear spread (call)
The simultaneous writing of one call option with a lower strike price and the purchase of another call option with a higher strike price. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and buying 1 XYZ May 65 call.
Bear spread (put)
The simultaneous purchase of one put option with a higher strike price and the writing of another put option with a lower strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 put and writing 1 XYZ May 55 put.
An adjective describing the opinion that a stock, or a market in general, will decline in price; a negative or pessimistic outlook.
A measure of how closely the movement of an individual stock tracks the movement of the entire stock market.
Bid / Bid Price.
The price at which a buyer is willing to buy an option or a stock.
Black-Scholes formula.
The first widely used model for option pricing. This formula is used to calculate a theoretical value for an option using current stock prices, expected dividends, the option's strike price, expected interest rates, time to expiration and expected stock volatility. While the Black-Scholes model does not perfectly describe real-world options markets, it is often used in the valuation and trading of options.
BOX Options Exchange.
Box spread.
A four-sided option spread that involves a long call and a short put at one strike price in addition to a short call and a long put at another strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and writing 1 XYZ May 65 call; simultaneously buying 1 XYZ May 65 put and writing 1 May 60 put.
Break-even point(s)
The stock price(s) at which an option strategy results in neither a profit nor a loss. While a strategy's break-even point(s) are normally stated as of the option's expiration date, a theoretical option pricing model can be used to determine the strategy's break-even point(s) for other dates as well.
A person acting as an agent for making securities transactions. An account executive or a broker at a brokerage firm who deals directly with customers. A floor broker on the trading floor of an exchange actually executes someone else's trading orders.
Bull (or bullish) spread.
One of a variety of strategies involving two or more options (or options combined with an underlying stock position) that may potentially profit from a rise in the price of the underlying stock.
Bull spread (call)
The simultaneous purchase of one call option with a lower strike price and the writing of another call option with a higher strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and writing 1 XYZ May 65 call.
Bull spread (put)
The simultaneous writing of one put option with a higher strike price and the purchase of another put option with a lower strike price. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 put, and buying 1 XYZ May 55 put.
An adjective describing the opinion that a stock, or the market in general, will rise in price; a positive or optimistic outlook.
Butterfly spread.
A strategy involving three strike prices with both limited risk and limited profit potential. Establish a long call butterfly by buying one call at the lowest strike price, writing two calls at the middle strike price and buying one call at the highest strike price. Establish a long put butterfly by buying one put at the highest strike price, writing two puts at the middle strike price and buying one put at the lowest strike price. For example, a long call butterfly might include buying 1 XYZ May 55 call, writing 2 XYZ May 60 calls and buying 1 XYZ May 65 call.
A covered call position that includes a stock purchase and an equivalent number of calls written at the same time. This position may be a combined order with both sides (buying stock and writing calls) executed simultaneously. Example: buying 500 shares XYZ stock and writing 5 XYZ May 60 calls. See also Covered call / Covered call writing.
Cboe C2 Options Exchange.
Propagação do calendário.
An option strategy that generally involves the purchase of a longer-termed option(s) (call or put) and the writing of an equal number of nearer-termed option(s) of the same type and strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call (far-term portion of the spread) and writing 1 XYZ March 60 call (near-term portion of the spread). See also Horizontal spread.
Opção de chamada.
An option contract that gives the owner the right but not the obligation to buy the underlying security at a specified price (its strike price) for a certain, fixed period (until its expiration). For the writer of a call option, the contract represents an obligation to sell the underlying product if the option is assigned.
Carry / Carrying cost.
The interest expense on money borrowed to finance a securities position.
Cash settlement amount.
The difference between the exercise price of the option being exercised and the exercise settlement value of the index on the day the index option is exercised. See also Exercise settlement amount.
Cboe Board Options Exchange.
Class of options.
A term referring to all options of the same type (either calls or puts) covering the same underlying stock.
Close / Closing transaction.
A reduction or an elimination of an open position by the appropriate offsetting purchase or sale. A selling transaction closes an existing long option position. A purchase transaction closes an existing short option position. This transaction reduces the open interest for the specific option involved.
Preço final.
The final price of a security at which a transaction was made. See also Settlement price.
A protective strategy in which a written call and a long put are taken against a previously owned long stock position. The options typically have different strike prices (put strike lower than call strike). Expiration months may or may not be the same. For example, if the investor previously purchased XYZ Corporation at $46 and it rose to $62, the investor could establish a collar involving the purchase of a May 60 put and the writing of a May 65 call to protect some of the unrealized profit in the XYZ Corporation stock position. The investor may also use the reverse (a long call combined with a written put) if he has previously established a short stock position in XYZ Corporation. See also Fence.
Garantia.
Securities against which loans are made. If the value of the securities (relative to the loan) declines to an unacceptable level, this triggers a margin call. As such, the investor is asked to post additional collateral or the securities are sold to repay the loan.
Combinação.
An arrangement of options involving two long, two short, or one long and one short positions. The positions can have different strikes or expiration months. The term combination varies by investor. Example: a long combination might be buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and selling 1 XYZ May 60 put.
Condor spread.
A strategy involving four strike prices with both limited risk and limited profit potential. Establish a long call condor spread by buying one call at the lowest strike, writing one call at the second strike, writing another call at the third strike, and buying one call at the fourth (highest) strike. This spread is also referred to as a flat-top butterfly.
Contingency order.
An order to execute a transaction in one security that depends on the price of another security. An example might be to sell the XYZ May 60 call at $2.00, contingent upon XYZ stock being at or below $59.
Contract size.
The amount of the underlying asset covered by the option contract. This is 100 shares for 1 equity option unless adjusted for a special event. See also Adjustments.
Conversão.
An investment strategy in which a long put and a short call with the same strike price and expiration combine with long stock to lock in a nearly riskless profit. For example, buying 100 shares of XYZ stock, writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and buying 1 XYZ May 60 put at desirable prices. The process of executing these three-sided trades is sometimes called conversion arbitrage. See also Reversal / Reverse conversion.
To close out an open position. This term most often describes the purchase of an option or stock to close out an existing short position for either a profit or loss.
Covered call / Covered call writing.
An option strategy in which a call option is written against an equivalent amount of long stock. Example: writing 2 XYZ May 60 calls while owning 200 shares or more of XYZ stock. See also Buy-write and Overwrite.
Covered combination.
A strategy in which one call and one put with the same expiration, but different strike prices, are written against each 100 shares of the underlying stock. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and writing 1 XYZ May 55 put, and buying 100 shares of XYZ stock. In actuality, this is not a fully covered strategy because assignment on the short put requires purchase of additional stock.
Opção coberta.
An open short option position completely offset by a corresponding stock or option position. A covered call could be offset by long stock or a long call, while a covered put could be offset by a long put or a short stock position. This insures that if the owner of the option exercises, the writer of the option will not have a problem fulfilling the delivery requirements. See also Uncovered call option writing and Uncovered put option writing.
Covered put / Covered cash-secured put.
The cash-secured put is an option strategy in which a put option is written against a sufficient amount of cash (or Treasury bills) to pay for the stock purchase if the short option is assigned.
Covered straddle.
An option strategy in which one call and one put with the same strike price and expiration are written against each 100 shares of the underlying stock. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 call and 1 XYZ May 60 put, and buying 100 shares of XYZ stock. In actuality, this is not a fully covered strategy because assignment on the short put requires purchase of additional stock.
Money received in an account either from a deposit or from a transaction that results in increasing the account's cash balance.
Credit spread.
A spread strategy that increases the account's cash balance when established. A bull spread with puts and a bear spread with calls are examples of credit spreads.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's Delta for a one-unit change in the price of the underlying stock. See also Delta.
The expiration dates applicable to the different series of options. Traditionally, there were three cycles:
Today, most equity options expire on a hybrid cycle, which involves four option series: the two nearest-term calendar months and the next two months from the traditional cycle to which that class of options has been assigned. For example, on January 1, a stock in the January cycle will be trading options expiring in these months: January, February, April and July. After the January expiration, the months outstanding will be February, March, April and July.
A type of option order that instructs the broker to cancel any unfilled portion of the order at the close of trading on the day the order was first entered.
A position (stock or option) that is opened and closed on the same day.
Money paid out from an account from either a withdrawal or a transaction that results in decreasing the cash balance.
Spread de débito.
A spread strategy that decreases the account's cash balance when established. A bull spread with calls and a bear spread with puts are examples of debit spreads.
A term used to describe how the theoretical value of an option erodes or declines with the passage of time. Time decay is specifically quantified by Theta.
The process of meeting the terms of a written option contract when notification of assignment has been received. In the case of a short equity call, the writer must deliver stock and in return receives cash for the stock sold. In the case of a short equity put, the writer pays cash and in return receives the stock.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's theoretical value for a one-unit change in the price of the underlying stock.
Derivative / Derivative security.
A financial security whose value is determined in part from the value and characteristics of another security known as the underlying security.
Diagonal spread.
A strategy involving the simultaneous purchase and writing of two options of the same type that have different strike prices and different expiration dates. Example: buying 1 May 60 call and writing 1 March 65 call.
An adjective used to describe an option that is trading at a price less than its intrinsic value (i. e., trading below parity).
Discretion.
Freedom given by an investor to his or her account executive to use judgment regarding the execution of an order. Discretion can be limited, as in the case of a limit order that gives the floor broker price flexibility beyond the stated limit price to use his or her judgment in executing the order. Discretion can also be unlimited, as in the case of a market-not-held order.
Early exercise.
A feature of American-style options that allows the owner to exercise an option at any time prior to expiration.
Cboe EDGX Options Exchange.
In a margin account, equity is the difference between the securities owned and the margin loans owed. The investor keeps this amount after all positions are closed and all margin loans paid off.
Equity option.
An option on shares of an individual common stock or exchange traded fund.
Equivalent strategy.
A strategy that has the same risk-reward profile as another strategy. For example, a long May 60-65 call vertical spread is equivalent to a short May 60-65 put vertical spread. See also Synthetic position.
European-style option.
An option that can be exercised only during a specified period just prior to expiration. See also American-style option.
Ex-date / Ex-dividend date.
The day before the date that an investor must have purchased the stock in order to receive the dividend. On the ex-dividend date, the previous day's closing price is reduced by the amount of the dividend because purchasers of the stock on the ex-dividend date will not receive the dividend payment. This date is sometimes referred to simply as the ex-date, and can apply to other situations (e. g., splits and distributions). If you purchase a stock on the ex-date for a split or distribution, you are not entitled to the split stock or that distribution. However, the opening price for the stock will have been reduced by an appropriate amount, as on the ex-dividend date. Weekly financial publications, such as Barron's, often include a stock's upcoming ex-date as part of their stock tables.
Exchange traded funds (ETFs)
Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are index funds or trusts listed on an exchange and traded in a similar fashion as a single equity. The first ETF came about in 1993 with the AMEX's concept of a tradable basket of stocks — Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipt (SPDR). Today, the number of ETFs that trade options continues to grow and diversify. Investors can buy or sell shares in the collective performance of an entire stock portfolio (or a bond portfolio) as a single security. Exchange traded funds allow investors to enjoy some of the more favorable features of stock trading, such as liquidity and ease of equity style, in an environment of more traditional index investing.
To invoke the rights granted to the owner of an option contract. In the case of a call, the option owner buys the underlying stock. In the case of a put, the option owner sells the underlying stock.
Exercise by exception processing.
A procedure used by OCC as an operational convenience for clearing members. Under these proceedings, OCC assumes a clearing member tendered exercise notices for options that are in-the-money by threshold amounts, unless specifically instructed not to do so. This procedure protects the owner from losing the intrinsic value of the option because of failure to exercise. Unless instructed not to do so, all expiring equity options held in customer accounts are exercised if they are in-the-money by a specified amount.
Exercise price.
The price that the owner of an option can purchase (call) or sell (put) the underlying stock. Used interchangeably with strike or strike price.
Exercise settlement amount.
The difference between the exercise price of the option being exercised and the exercise settlement value of the index on the day the index option is exercised.
Expiration cycle.
The expiration dates applicable to the different series of options. Traditionally, there were three cycles:
Today, equity options expire on a hybrid cycle that involves four option series: the two nearest-term calendar months and the next two months from the traditional cycle to which that class of options has been assigned. For example, on January 1, a stock in the January cycle will be trading options expiring in these months: January, February, April and July. After the January expiration, the months outstanding will be February, March, April and July.
Data de validade.
The date that an option and the right to exercise it cease to exist.
Expiration Friday.
The last business day prior to the option's expiration date during which purchases and sales of options can be made. For equity options, this is generally the third Friday of the expiration month. If the third Friday of the month is an exchange holiday, the last trading day is the Thursday immediately preceding the third Friday.
Expiration month.
The month that the expiration date occurs.
A protective strategy in which a written call and a long put are added to a previously owned long stock position, also referred to as a collar. The options may have the same strike price or different strike prices. The expiration months may or may not be the same. For example, if the investor previously purchased XYZ Corporation at $46 and it rose to $62, an investor could establish a collar involving the purchase of a May 60 put and the writing of a May 65 call as a way of protecting some of the unrealized profit in the XYZ Corporation stock position. An investor might also use the reverse (a long call combined with a written put) if he has previously established a short stock position in XYZ Corporation.
Fill-or-kill order (FOK)
A type of option order that requires that the order be executed completely or not at all. A fill-or-kill order is similar to an all-or-none (AON) order. The difference is that if the order cannot be completely executed (i. e., filled in its entirety) as soon as it is announced in the trading crowd, it is killed (cancelled) immediately. Unlike an AON order, an FOK order cannot be used as part of a good-‘til-cancelled order.
FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority)
The largest independent regulator for all securities firms doing business in the United States.
Floor broker.
A trader on an exchange floor who executes trading orders for other people.
Floor trader.
An exchange member on the trading floor who buys and sells for their own account.
Analise fundamental.
A method of predicting stock prices based on the study of earnings, sales, dividends, and so on.
Fungibility.
Interchangeability resulting from standardization. Options listed on national exchanges are fungible, while over-the-counter options generally are not. Classes of options listed and traded on more than one national exchange are referred to as multiple-listed/multiple-traded options.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's Delta for a one-unit change in the price of the underlying stock. See also Delta.
Nasdaq GEMX, LLC.
Good-'til-cancelled (GTC) order.
A type of limit order that remains in effect until it is either executed (filled) or cancelled. This is unlike a day order, which expires if not executed by the end of the trading day. If not executed, a GTC option order is automatically cancelled at the option's expiration.
Hedge / Hedged position.
A position established with the specific intent of protecting an existing position. For example, an owner of common stock may buy a put option to hedge against a possible stock price decline.
Historic volatility.
A measure of actual stock price changes over a specific period. See also Standard deviation.
Any person who has made an opening purchase transaction, call or put, and has that position in a brokerage account.
Horizontal spread.
An option strategy that generally involves the purchase of a farther-term option (call or put) and the writing of an equal number of nearer-term options of the same type and strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call (far-term portion of the spread) and writing 1 XYZ March 60 call (near-term portion of the spread). See also Calendar spread.
Immediate-or-cancel order (IOC)
A type of option order that gives the trading crowd one opportunity to take the other side of the trade. After announcement, the order is either partially or totally filled with any remaining balance immediately cancelled. An IOC order, considered a type of day order, cannot be used as part of a good-‘til-cancelled order since it is cancelled shortly after being entered. The difference between fill-or-kill (FOK) orders and IOC orders is that an IOC order may be partially executed.
Volatilidade implícita.
The volatility percentage that produces the best fit for all underlying option prices on that underlying stock. See also Individual volatility.
In-the-money / In-the-money option.
A term used to describe an option with intrinsic value. For standard options, a call option is in-the-money if the stock price is above the strike price. A put option is in-the-money if the stock price is below the strike price.
A compilation of several stock prices into a single number. Example: the S&P 100 Index.
Index option.
An option whose underlying interest is an index. Generally, index options are cash-settled.
Individual volatility.
The volatility percentage that justifies an option's price, as opposed to historic volatility or implied volatility. A theoretical pricing model can be used to generate an option's individual volatility when the five remaining quantifiable factors (stock price, time until expiration, strike price, interest rates and cash dividends) are entered along with the price of the option itself.
Instituição.
A professional investment management company. Typically, this term describes money managers such as banks, pension funds, mutual funds and insurance companies.
Intrinsic value.
The in-the-money portion of an option's premium. See also In-the-money.
Iron butterfly.
An option strategy with limited risk and limited profit potential that involves both a long (or short) straddle, and a short (or long) strangle. An iron butterfly contains four options. It is equivalent to a regular butterfly spread that contains only three options. For example, a short iron butterfly might include buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and 1 May 60 put, and writing 1 XYZ May 65 call and writing 1 XYZ May 55 put.
ISE Gemini.
Nasdaq GEMX, LLC.
No J Options Glossary Items.
There are currently no glossary items for this letter.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's theoretical value for a one-unit change in the volatility assumption.
A measure of leverage. The expected percentage change in the value of an option for a 1% change in the value of the underlying product.
Último dia de negociação
The last business day before the option's expiration date during which purchases and sales of options can be made. For equity options, this is generally the third Friday of the expiration month. If the third Friday of the month is an exchange holiday, the last trading day is the Thursday immediately preceding the third Friday.
LEAPS® (Long-term Equity AnticiPation Securities) / Long-dated options.
Calls and puts with an expiration of over nine months when listed. Currently, equity LEAPS have two series at any time with a January expiration.
A term describing one side of a position with two or more sides. When a trader legs into a spread, they establish one side first, hoping for a favorable price movement in order to execute the other side at a better price. This is a higher-risk method of establishing a spread position.
A term describing the greater percentage of profit or loss potential when a given amount of money controls a security with a much larger face value. For example, a call option enables the owner to assume the upside potential of 100 shares of stock by investing a much smaller amount than that required to buy the stock. If the stock increases by 10%, for example, the option might double in value. Conversely, a 10% stock price decline might result in the total loss of the purchase price of the option.
Ordem limite.
A trading order placed with a broker to buy or sell stock or options at a specific price.
Liquidity / Liquid market.
Trading environments characterized by high trading volume, a narrow spread between the bid and ask prices, and the ability to trade larger sized orders without significant price changes.
Listed option.
A put or call traded on a national options exchange. In contrast, over-the-counter options usually have non-standard or negotiated terms.
Long option position.
The position of an option purchaser (owner) which represents the right to either buy stock (in the case of a call) or to sell stock (in the case of a put) at a specified price (strike price) at or before some date in the future (the expiration date). This position results from an opening purchase transaction (long call or long put).
Long stock position.
A position in which an investor has purchased and owns stock.
Margin / Margin requirement.
The minimum equity required to support an investment position. To buy on margin refers to borrowing part of the purchase price of a security from a brokerage firm.
Mark-to-market.
An accounting process by which the price of securities held in an account are valued each day to reflect the closing price or closing market quotes. As a result, the equity in an account is updated daily to reflect current security prices properly.
Ordem de mercado.
A trading order placed with a broker to immediately buy or sell a stock or option at the best available price.
Market quote.
Quotations of the current best bid/ask prices for an option or stock in the marketplace (an exchange trading floor). The investor usually obtains this information from a brokerage firm. However, for listed options and stocks, these quotes are widely disseminated and available through various commercial quotation services.
Market maker.
An exchange member on the trading floor who buys and sells options for their own account and who has the responsibility of making bids and offers and maintaining a fair and orderly market. See also Specialist / specialist group / specialist system.
Market maker system (competing)
A method of supplying liquidity in options markets by having market makers in competition with one another. As an alternative to a specialist system, they are also responsible for making fair and orderly markets in a given class of options.
Market-not-held order.
A type of market order that allows the investor to give discretion to the floor broker regarding the price and/or time of trade execution.
Market-on-close order (MOC)
A type of option order that requires that an order be executed at or near the close of trading on the day the order is entered.
Married put strategy.
The simultaneous purchase of stock and put options representing an equivalent number of shares. This is a limited risk strategy during the life of the puts because the stock can always be sold for at least the strike price of the purchased puts.
Miami Options Exchange.
A mathematical formula used to calculate the theoretical value of an option. See also Black-Scholes formula.
Multiple-listed / multiple-traded option.
Any option contract listed and traded on more than one national options exchange. See also Fungibility.
Naked or uncovered option.
A short option position that is not fully collateralized if notification of assignment is received. A short call position is uncovered if the writer does not have a long stock or deeper-in-the-money long call position. A short put position is uncovered if the writer is not short stock or long another deeper-in-the-money put.
A national securities exchange (Operated by Nasdaq OMX).
Net credit.
Money received in an account either from a deposit or a transaction that results in increasing the account's cash balance.
Money paid from an account either from a withdrawal or a transaction that results in decreasing the cash balance.
An adjective describing the belief that a stock or the market in general will neither rise nor decline significantly.
Neutral strategy.
An option strategy (Or stock and option position) expected to benefit from a neutral market outcome.
Ninety-ten (90/10) strategy.
A conservative option strategy in which an investor buys Treasury bills (or other liquid assets) with 90% of their funds, and buys call options (or put options or a mixture of both) with the balance. The proportions of this strategy are subject to change based on prevailing interest rates.
Non-equity option.
Any option that does not have common stock as the underlying asset. Non-equity options include options on futures, indexes, foreign currencies, Treasury security yields, etc.
Not-held order.
A type of order that releases normal obligations implied by the other terms of the order. For example, a limit order designated as not-held allows discretion to the floor broker in filling the order when the market trades at the limit price of the order. In this case, there is no obligation to provide the customer with an execution if the market trades through the limit price on the order. See also Discretion and Market-not-held order.
Nasdaq Options Market, LLC.
Mercado de Opções Nasdaq.
Mercado de Opções Nasdaq.
Mercado de Opções Nasdaq.
Mercado de Opções Nasdaq.
Please update the optionseducation site to reflect the new name changes on these pages:
From: Christine Stange.
Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2017 3:08 PM.
Subject: RE: ISE exchanges name changes.
Obrigado pela informação! There were some emails floating around last week on ISE's name change. We'll have some development as well as content work to be done to accommodate the change.
With regards to NASDAQ vs. Nasdaq, the website uses both the exchange's legal name and trading facility names. The approved NASDAQ ones were originally provided to us by Legal back in 2012. We should reach out to Legal to have them revalidate the list. They had last reviewed and certified it in January 2017. I've attached the document that you were referring to in your email. I'm also attaching a spreadsheet where we (in conjunction with Product Development) track the exchange identifiers used on our various systems.​
Trading Facility Name & Acronym.
Nasdaq GEMX, LLC.
Nasdaq BX Options.
Nasdaq PHLX LLC.
Nasdaq PHLX LLC.
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
Please update the optionseducation site to reflect the new name changes on these pages:
From: Christine Stange.
Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2017 3:08 PM.
Subject: RE: ISE exchanges name changes.
Obrigado pela informação! There were some emails floating around last week on ISE's name change. We'll have some development as well as content work to be done to accommodate the change.
With regards to NASDAQ vs. Nasdaq, the website uses both the exchange's legal name and trading facility names. The approved NASDAQ ones were originally provided to us by Legal back in 2012. We should reach out to Legal to have them revalidate the list. They had last reviewed and certified it in January 2017. I've attached the document that you were referring to in your email. I'm also attaching a spreadsheet where we (in conjunction with Product Development) track the exchange identifiers used on our various systems.​
Trading Facility Name & Acronym.
Nasdaq GEMX, LLC.
Nasdaq BX Options.
Nasdaq PHLX LLC.
Nasdaq PHLX LLC.
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
A national securities exchange (Operated by NYSE Euronext).
NYSE American Options.
NYSE Arca Options.
Offer / Offer price.
The price at which a seller is offering to sell an option or a stock. Also known as ask or ask price.
One-cancels-other order (OCO)
A type of option order that treats two or more option orders as a package, whereby the execution of any one of the orders causes all the orders to be reduced by the same amount. For example, the investor would enter an OCO order if they wished to buy 10 May 60 calls or 10 June 60 calls or any combination of the two which when summed equaled 10 contracts. An OCO order may be a day order or a good-‘til-cancel order.
Interesse aberto.
The total number of outstanding option contracts on a given series or for a given underlying stock.
Abra o protesto.
The trading method by which competing market makers and floor brokers representing public orders make bids and offers on the trading floor.
Opening transaction.
An addition to, or creation of, a trading position. An opening purchase transaction adds long options to an investor's total position, and an opening sale transaction adds short options. An opening option transaction increases that option's open interest.
A contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a particular asset (the underlying stock) at a fixed price (the strike price) for a specific period of time (until expiration) . The contract also obligates the writer to meet the terms of delivery if the owner exercises the contract right.
Option period.
The time from when a buyer or writer of an option creates an option contract to the expiration date; sometimes referred to as an option's lifetime.
Option pricing curve.
A graphical representation of the estimated theoretical value of an option at one point in time, at various prices of the underlying stock.
Option pricing model.
The first widely used model for option pricing was the Black Scholes. This formula can be used to calculate a theoretical value for an option using current stock prices, expected dividends, the option's strike price, expected interest rates, time to expiration and expected stock volatility. While the Black-Scholes model does not perfectly describe real-world options markets, it is still often used in the valuation and trading of options.
Option writer.
The seller of an option contract who is obligated to meet the terms of delivery if the option owner exercises his or her right. This seller has made an opening sale transaction, and has not yet closed that position.
Optionable stock.
A stock on which listed options are traded.
Options Clearing Corporation (OCC)
OCC is the world's largest equity derivatives clearing organization. Founded in 1973, OCC operates under the jurisdiction of both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as a Registered Clearing Agency and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as a Derivatives Clearing Organization. OCC provides central counterparty (CCP) clearing and settlement services to 16 exchanges and trading platforms for options, financial futures, security futures and securities lending transactions.
OTC option.
An over-the-counter option is traded in the over-the-counter market. OTC options are not listed on an options exchange and do not have standardized terms. These are to be distinguished from exchange-listed and traded equity options, which are standardized. See also Fungibility.
Out-of-the-money / Out-of-the-money option.
A term used to describe an option that has no intrinsic value. The option’s premium consists entirely of time value. For standard contracts, a call option is out-of-the-money if the stock price is below its strike price. A put option is out-of-the-money if the stock price is above its strike price. See also Intrinsic value and Time value.
Over-the-counter / Over-the-counter market.
A decentralized association of market participants, with many characteristics of an exchange, where trading takes place via an electronic network.
An option strategy involving the writing of call options (wholly or partially) against existing long stock positions. This is different from the buy-write strategy that involves the simultaneous purchase of stock and writing of a call. See also Ratio write.
Any person who has made an opening purchase transaction, call or put, and has that position in a brokerage account.
A term used to describe an option contract's total premium when that premium is the same amount as its intrinsic value. For example, an option is ‘worth parity’ when its theoretical value is equal to its intrinsic value. An option is said to be ‘trading for parity’ when an option is trading for only its intrinsic value. Parity may be measured against the stocks last sale, bid or offer.
Payoff diagram.
A chart of the profits and losses for a particular options strategy prepared in advance of the execution of the strategy. The diagram is a plot of expected profits or losses against the price of the underlying security.
Nasdaq PHLX, LLC.
Physical delivery option.
An option whose underlying entity is a physical good or commodity, like a common stock or a foreign currency. When its owner exercises that option, there is delivery of that physical good or commodity from one brokerage or trading account to another.
The risk to an investor (option writer) that the stock price will exactly equal the strike price at expiration (that option will be exactly at-the-money). The investor will not know how many of their written(short) options will be assigned or whether a last second move in the underlying will leave any long options in - or out-of-the-money. The risk is that on the following Monday the option writer might have an unexpected long (in the case of a written put) or short (in the case of a written call) stock position, and thus be subject to the risk of an adverse price move.
The combined total of an investor's open option contracts (Calls and/or puts) and long or short stock.
Negociação de posição.
An investing strategy in which open positions are held for an extended period.
1. Total price of an option: intrinsic value plus time value.
2. Often (Erroneously) this word is used to mean the same as time value .
Mercado Primário.
For securities traded in more than one market, the primary market is usually the exchange where trading volume in that security is highest.
Profit/loss graph.
A graphical presentation of the profit and loss possibilities of an investment strategy at one point in time (usually option expiration), at various stock prices.
Coloque a opção.
An option contract that gives the owner the right to sell the underlying stock at a specified price (its strike price) for a certain, fixed period (until its expiration). For the writer of a put option, the contract represents an obligation to buy the underlying stock from the option owner if the option is assigned.
No Q Options Glossary Items.
There are currently no glossary items for this letter.
Proporção de taxa.
A term most commonly used to describe the purchase of an option(s), call or put, and the writing of a greater number of the same type of options that are out-of-the-money with respect to those purchased. All options involved have the same expiration date. For example, buying 5 XYZ May 60 calls and writing 6 XYZ May 65 calls. See also Ratio write.
Ratio write.
An investment strategy in which stock is purchased and call options are written on a greater than one-for-one basis (more calls written than the equivalent number of shares purchased). For example, buying 500 shares of XYZ stock, and writing 6 XYZ May 60 calls. See also Ratio spread.
Realized gains and losses.
The net amount received or paid when a closing transaction is made and matched with an opening transaction.
Resistência.
A term used in technical analysis to describe a price area at which rising prices are expected to stop or meet increased selling activity. This analysis is based on historic price behavior of the stock.
Reversal / Reverse conversion.
An investment strategy used mostly by professional option traders in which a short put and long call with the same strike price and expiration combine with short stock to lock in a nearly riskless profit. For example, selling short 100 shares of XYZ stock, buying 1 XYZ May 60 call, and writing 1 XYZ May 60 put at favorable prices. The process of executing these three-sided trades is sometimes called reversal arbitrage. See also Conversion.
A measure of the expected change in an option's theoretical value for a 1% change in interest rates.
A trading action in which the trader simultaneously closes an open option position and creates a new option position at a different strike price, different expiration, or both. Variations of this include rolling up, rolling down, rolling out and diagonal rolling.
A Comissão de Valores Mobiliários e Câmbio. The SEC is an agency of the federal government that is in charge of monitoring and regulating the securities industry.
Mercado secundário.
A market where securities are bought and sold after their initial purchase by public investors.
Sector index.
An index that measures the performance of a narrow market segment, such as biotechnology or small capitalization stocks.
Secured put / Cash-secured put.
An option strategy in which a put option is written against a sufficient amount of cash (or Treasury bills) to pay for the stock purchase if the short option is assigned.
Series of options.
Option contracts on the same class having the same strike price and expiration month. For example, all XYZ May 60 calls constitute a series.
Assentamento.
The process by which the underlying stock is transferred from one brokerage account to another when equity option contracts are exercised by their owners and the inherent obligations assigned to option writers.
Preço de liquidação.
The official price at the end of a trading session. OCC establishes this price and uses it to determine changes in account equity, margin requirements and for other purposes. See also Mark-to-market.
Short option position.
The position of an option writer that represents an obligation on the part of the option's writer to meet the terms of the option if its owner exercises it. The writer can terminate this obligation by buying back (cover or close) the position with a closing purchase transaction.
Short stock position.
A strategy that profits from a stock price decline. It is initiated by borrowing stock from a broker-dealer and selling it in the open market. This strategy is closed (covered) later by buying back the stock and returning it to the lending broker-dealer.
Specialist / Specialist group / Specialist system.
One or more exchange members whose function is to maintain a fair and orderly market in a given stock or a given class of options. This is accomplished by managing the limit order book and making bids and offers for their own account in the absence of opposite market side orders. See also Market maker and Market maker system (competing).
A stock dividend issued by one company in shares of another corporate entity, such as a subsidiary corporation of the company issuing the dividend.
Spread / Spread order.
A position consisting of two parts, each of which alone would profit from opposite directional price moves. As orders, these opposite parts are entered and executed simultaneously in the hope of (1) limiting risk, or (2) benefiting from a change of price relationship between the two parts.
Desvio padrão.
A statistical measure of price fluctuation. One use of the standard deviation is to measure how stock price movements are distributed about the mean. See also Volatility.
Standardization.
Interchangeability resulting from standardization. Options listed on national exchanges are fungible, while over-the-counter options generally are not. Classes of options listed and traded on more than one national exchange are referred to as multiple-listed / multiple-traded options.
Stock dividend.
A dividend paid in shares of stock rather than cash. See also Spin-off.
Stock split.
An increase in the number of outstanding shares by a corporation through the issuance of a set number of shares to a shareholder for a set number of shares that the shareholder already owns. For example, a corporation might declare a 2-for-1 stock split. This means that for every share of stock an investor owns, he/she will be given another, thus owning two shares instead of one. There will be a corresponding reduction in equity value per share. In this case, the new shares (post-split) will be worth one-half their previous value but the investor will own twice as many shares.
Pare a ordem.
A type of contingency order, often erroneously known as a stop-loss order, placed with a broker. It becomes a market order when the stock trades, or is bid or offered, at or through a specified price. See also Stop-limit order.
Stop-limit order.
A type of contingency order placed with a broker that becomes a limit order when the stock trades, or is bid or offered, at or through a specific price.
A trading position involving puts and calls on a one-to-one basis in which the puts and calls have the same strike price, expiration and underlying stock. When both options are owned, the position is called a long straddle. When both options are written, it is a short straddle. Example: a long straddle might be buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and buying 1 XYZ May 60 put.
Strike / Strike price.
The price at which the owner of an option can purchase (call) or sell (put) the underlying stock. Used interchangeably with striking price or exercise price.
Strike price interval.
The normal price differential between option strike prices. Exchange rules for strike intervals have changed over the years, and many stocks are now listed in $1 increments or smaller. In general, strike intervals in equity options are listed in $2.50 increments for strikes under $50 and in $5 increments from $50 up to $200. Over $200, strikes are listed in $10 increments. As mentioned, many stocks are now exempt from standard listing procedures and strike increments will vary.
Suitability.
A requirement that any investing strategy fall within the financial means and investment objectives of an investor or trader.
A term used in technical analysis to describe a price area at which falling prices are expected to stop or meet increased buying activity. This analysis is based on previous price behavior of the stock.
Synthetic long call.
A long stock position combined with a long put of the same series as that call.
Synthetic long put.
A short stock position combined with a long call of the same series as that put.
Synthetic long stock.
A long call position combined with a short put of the same series.
Synthetic position.
A strategy involving two or more instruments that have the same risk-reward profile as a strategy involving only one instrument.
Synthetic short call.
A short stock position combined with a short put of the same series as that call.
Synthetic short put.
A long stock position combined with a short call of the same series as that put.
Synthetic short stock.
A short call position combined with a long put of the same series.
Análise técnica.
A method of predicting future stock price movements based on the study of historical market data such as the prices themselves, trading volume, open interest, the relation of advancing issues to declining issues, short selling volume and others.
Theoretical option pricing model.
A formula that can be used to calculate a theoretical value for an option using current stock prices, expected dividends, the option's strike price, expected interest rates, time to expiration and expected stock volatility.
Theoretical value.
The estimated value of an option derived from a mathematical model. See also Model and Black-Scholes formula.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's theoretical value for a one-unit change in time to the option's expiration date. See also Time decay.
The minimum price increment for an option's bid or ask.
Decaimento do tempo.
A term used to describe how the theoretical value of an option erodes or reduces with the passage of time. Time decay is specifically quantified by Theta.
Time spread.
An option strategy that generally involves the purchase of a farther-term option (call or put) and the writing of an equal number of nearer-term options of the same type and strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call (far-term portion of the spread) and writing 1 XYZ March 60 call (near-term portion of the spread). Also known as calendar spread or horizontal spread.
Time value.
The part of an option's total price that exceeds its intrinsic value. The premium of an out-of-the-money option consists entirely of time value.
1. Any investor who makes frequent purchases and sales.
2. A member of an exchange who conducts his or her buying and selling on the trading floor of the exchange.
Trading pit.
Um local específico no pregão de uma bolsa designada para a negociação de uma classe de opção ou ação específica.
Custos de transação.
All of the charges associated with executing a trade and maintaining a position. These include brokerage commissions, fees for exercise and/or assignment, exchange fees, SEC fees and margin interest. In academic studies, the spread between bid and ask is taken into account as a transaction cost.
Type of options.
The classification of an option contract as either a put or a call.
Uncovered call option writing.
A short call option position in which the writer does not own an equivalent position in the underlying security represented by his or her option contracts.
Uncovered put option writing.
A short put option position in which the writer does not have a corresponding short position in the underlying security or has not deposited, in a cash account, cash or cash equivalents equal to the exercise value of the put.
Segurança subjacente.
The security subject to being purchased or sold upon exercise of the option contract.
A measure of the rate of change in an option's theoretical value for a one-unit change in the volatility assumption. See also Kappa and Delta.
Vertical spread.
Most commonly used to describe the purchase of one option and writing of another where both are of the same type and of same expiration month, but have different strike prices. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call and writing 1 XYZ May 65 call. See also Bull (or bullish) spread and Bear (or bearish) spread.
Volatilidade.
A measure of stock price fluctuation. Mathematically, volatility is the annualized standard deviation of a stock's daily price changes. See also Historic volatility, Individual volatility and Implied volatility.
Write / Writer.
To sell an option that is not owned through an opening sale transaction. While this position remains open, the writer is subject to fulfilling the obligations of that option contract; i. e., to sell stock (In the case of a call) or buy stock (In the case of a put) if that option is assigned. An investor who so sells an option is called the writer, regardless of whether the option is covered or uncovered.
XYZ / XYZ Corporation.
A fictitious company used as the underlying stock throughout the OIC website.
No Y Options Glossary Items.
There are currently no glossary items for this letter.
No Z Options Glossary Items.
There are currently no glossary items for this letter.
Profissionais de opções de e-mail.
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Bate-papo com profissionais de opções.
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Opções gratuitas e sem preconceitos Aprender pessoalmente e online Avance no seu próprio ritmo.
Começando.
Estratégias & amp; Conceitos Avançados.
Opções de Educação.
Seminários & amp; Eventos
Ferramentas & amp; Recursos.
Ferramentas & amp; Recursos (cont.)
Notícias & amp; Pesquisa.
Investidores institucionais.
Opções para conselheiros.
Este site discute as opções negociadas em bolsa emitidas pela The Options Clearing Corporation. Nenhuma declaração neste site deve ser interpretada como uma recomendação para comprar ou vender um título, ou para fornecer consultoria de investimento. As opções envolvem risco e não são adequadas para todos os investidores. Antes de comprar ou vender uma opção, uma pessoa deve receber uma cópia das Características e Riscos das Opções Padronizadas. Cópias deste documento podem ser obtidas junto à sua corretora, a partir de qualquer bolsa na qual as opções são negociadas ou contatando The Options Clearing Corporation, One North Wacker Dr., Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60606 (investorservices@theocc).
&cópia de; 1998-2018 O Conselho da Indústria de Opções - Todos os direitos reservados. Por favor, veja nossa Política de Privacidade e nosso Acordo de Usuário.

Glossário.
A type of corporate action that occurs when one company purchases a majority stake in another company. Acquisitions can be paid for in cash, stock, or a combination of the two.
A Time in Force designation that is similar to Fill-or-Kill (FOC). The difference being that All-or-None (AON) designated orders do not require an immediate fill, but instead remain open until the market closes on the day they are entered. AON orders must be filled in their entirety, and can be cancelled at any point during the trading day.
A type of option contract that can be exercised at any time during its life. The majority of exchange-traded options in the United States are American-Style.
Simultaneously buying and selling similar assets with the intention of profiting from a market inefficiency.
The lowest available price to buy.
Asset classes are groups of assets with similar financial characteristics that are subject to similar laws and regulations. The three main financial asset classes are equities (stocks), fixed income (bonds), and cash/cash equivalents (currency and money market instruments). Other asset classes include real estate, commodities, and fine art/collectibles.
Being forced to fulfill the obligation of an option contract.
At-the-money (ATM) means the strike price of an option is right at (or near) the market price of the underlying security.
A procedure whereby the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) attempts to protect the holders of certain in-the-money expiring options by automatically exercising the options on behalf of the owner. The OCC will automatically exercise any expiring equity call or put in a customer account that is $0.01 or more in-the-money, and any index option that is $0.01 or more in-the-money. It’s important to keep in mind that a particular brokerage’s threshold for automatic exercise may or may not be the same as the OCC’s.
A term for a securities contract of any expiration month except the front month.
A spread in which more options are purchased than sold.
Relating to futures, a theory that involves the price of futures and the time to expiration. All else being equal, the theory suggests that as a futures contract approaches expiration it will trade at a higher price compared to contracts further from expiration. For example, if the spot price of futures on crude oil is trading $50, while the futures on crude oil for delivery in six months is trading $40, that would be described as backwardation (downward sloping). The opposite phenomenon is referred to as contango.
A type of money market instrument, banker’s acceptances are short-term debt instruments used by companies that are guaranteed by a commercial bank.
The term “basis” has several common uses related to trading. One popular usage refers to the cost of a security as it relates to tax reporting. Basis is also commonly used in the futures market, representing the difference between the cash price and the futures price of a commodity.
The term basis point in finance refers to a unit of measurement. One basis point is equivalent to 0.01%, or .0001. Basis points are often used when percentage differences less than 1% are referenced.
A pessimistic outlook on the price of an asset. Traders who believe that an asset price will depreciate over time are said to be bearish.
Refers to an asset, or group of assets, in which prices are declining or expected to decline.
A spread that profits from a drop in the price of the underlying security.
A diferença entre o preço de compra e venda de um título.
Beta measures how closely an individual stock tracks the movement of the broader market. Beta is often used to estimate the systematic risk of a security in comparison to the market as a whole. A beta of 1 indicates the movement of a security closely matches that of the broader market. A beta valued less than 1 theoretically indicates a security is less volatile than the broader market, and a beta valued above 1 theoretically indicates a security is more volatile than the broader market.
Beta Weight.
Beta-weighting is a technique used to convert deltas from different financial instruments (stocks, options, etc. ) into standard units. One purpose of beta-weighting is to allow for the a standardized approach to risk management of positions and portfolios. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Big Boy Iron Condor.
The strikes are widened close to 1 standard deviation out to take additional risk and can act as a potential substitute for selling strangles. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Big Dawg Butterfly.
A butterfly strategy in which we select wider strikes to yield a higher probability of success during periods of high IV Rank. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Fórmula Black-Scholes.
A mathematical model expanded and refined by Fischer Black and Myron Scholes that produces a theoretical estimate for the value of a European-style option. The model was originally published in an article entitled “The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities” in 1973 and appeared in the Journal of Political Economy. The model is considered a key concept in modern financial theory and is used extensively in the pricing of equity options.
Cisne Negro
A term referring to surprising, high-profile events that have a major impact and are by and large unforeseen or considered unlikely.
A term often used synonymously with fixed income security. Traditionally bonds are differentiated from other fixed income securities if they have maturities of one year or more.
Break-Even Point.
The price(s) at which a position generates neither a profit nor a loss.
Broken Winged Butterfly.
A combination of a long call butterfly and a short OTM call vertical, or a long put butterfly and a short OTM put vertical, so one side is wider than the other. The short vertical finances the long butterfly, and increases the probability of profit of the strategy.
A person acting as agent in a securities transaction.
An optimistic outlook on the price of an asset. Traders who believe that an asset price will appreciate over time are said to be bullish.
Mercado de touro.
Refers to an asset, or group of assets, in which prices are rising or expected to rise.
Spread Bull.
A spread that profits from a rise in the price of the underlying security.
Propagação da borboleta.
A 3-strike price spread that profits from the underlying expiring at a specific price.
Buying Into Weakness.
A contrarian trading approach that expresses a bullish (long) view when an asset price is declining.
Poder de compra.
The maximum amount of capital in your account available to make trades. Includes cash and margin.
The simultaneous purchase of stock and sale of a covered call.
Spread de calendário.
An option trade that benefits from the passage of time, also called a time spread.
Opção de chamada.
An option that gives the holder the right to buy stock at a specific price.
Call Writer.
A person who sells a call and receives a premium.
Capital Market Security.
A class of marketable securities, capital market securities include common stocks, corporate bonds, and government bonds.
Carrying Cost.
Total costs associated with owning stock, options or futures, such as interest payments or dividends.
In finance, cash (along with cash equivalents) is one of the principal asset classes. Cash (i. e. currency) includes foreign currency.
Conta de dinheiro.
A regular brokerage account that requires customers to pay for securities within two days of purchase.
Cash Balance.
The total amount of money in a financial account.
Cash Equivalents.
In finance, cash equivalents (along with cash itself) are one of the principal asset classes. Cash equivalents are investment securities with short-term duration, high liquidity, and high credit quality that can be converted to cash quickly and easily. Cash equivalents must have maturities of three months or less. Money market instruments (a type of marketable security) often qualify as cash equivalents because they are liquid, short-term, and not subject to material fluctuations in value.
Cash-Settled Securities.
A type of security (typically an option or future) that employs a method of settling payment between the buyer and seller using cash, as opposed to the physical exchange/delivery of the underlying asset. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Chicken Iron Condor.
The short strikes are closer to the ATM strike to collect more premium (45-50% the width of the strikes); this increases potential profit and ROC. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Câmara de compensação
Clearing houses act as intermediaries between counterparties (buyers and sellers) in financial transactions. In the securities industry, this structure is often referred to as central counterparty clearing (CCP). A central counterparty (such as the OCC), is a financial institution that provides clearing and settlement services for trades in securities, derivatives, and foreign exchange.
Garantia.
Financial assets against which loans are made.
A combination of options positions that replicates owning the underlying stock.
Papel comercial.
A type of money market instrument, commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term debt security issued by corporations with maturities of 270 days or less.
Ação ordinaria.
A type of equity, common stock is a class of ownership in a company. Common stock gives shareholders the right to elect the board of directors, to vote on company policies, and to share in company profits. In the event of liquidation, common stockholders have rights to a company’s assets after bondholders, prefered shareholders, and other debtholders have been paid in full.
Relating to futures, a theory that involves the price of futures and the time to expiration. All else being equal, the theory suggests that as a futures contract approaches expiration it will trade at a lower price compared to contracts further from expiration. For example, if the spot price of futures on crude oil is trading $40, while the futures on crude oil for delivery in six months is trading $50, that would be described as contango (upward sloping). The opposite phenomenon is referred to as backwardation.
Mês do contrato.
The month in which a securities contract expires.
Tamanho do contrato.
The amount of an underlying asset covered by an option contract. For equity options, the contract size is typically 100 shares per contract.
Contract Week.
The week in which a securities contract expires.
Contrarian.
Having a contrarian viewpoint means that you reject the opinion of the masses. This is where buying into strength, selling into weakness comes from - it is a contrarian way of thinking. Despite market trends, contrarians like to buy when the market is performing poorly and sell when the market is performing well.
Corporate action.
An event or process initiated by a company that affects securities it has issued.
Base de custo.
Original price paid for a stock, plus any commissions or fees.
Cost basis reduction.
Limiting profitability on a trade to increase probability of success and reduce the cost of entering a trade. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Coupon Payment.
A term referring to the periodic interest paid to investors of fixed income securities. Originated from early certificates of fixed income securities, which often came with detachable “coupons” that investors presented to issuers in order to receive interest payments. For this reason, fixed income securities that do not pay interest are often called zero-coupon bonds.
Coupon Rate.
The annual rate of interest paid on a fixed income security. For example, an investor holding a $1,000 bond paying interest annually with a coupon rate of 5% would receive $50 per year through maturity ($1,000 x .05 = $50).
To close out an existing position.
Chamada Coberta.
A combination of a long stock position with a short call.
Spread de crédito.
A term that indicates cash will be credited to your trading account when executing a spread. Spreads may also be done for even (no cash is exchanged), or for a debit (cash is debited from your trading account). Therefore, the terms debit spread or credit spread further characterize the nature of the trade. For example, a credit vertical call spread would indicate that the trader sold the lower priced strike and bought the higher priced strike, because he/she received money to execute the trade.
The expiration dates (months) applicable to various classes of options.
A Time in Force designation - Day Orders expire after the market closes on the day they are entered.
Days to Expiration (DTE)
The number of days until an option or futures contract expires. Clique aqui para saber mais.
A trade that is opened and closed in the same trading session.
Day Trader.
Traditionally a person that attempts to profit on intraday movements in stocks through long and short positions. Day traders typically do not hold positions overnight.
Difusão Spread.
A term that indicates cash will be debited from your trading account when executing a spread. Spreads may also be done for even (no cash is exchanged), or for a credit (cash is credited to the trading account). Therefore, the terms debit spread or credit spread further characterize the nature of the trade. For example, a debit vertical call spread would indicate the trader purchased the lower priced strike and sold the higher priced strike, because he/she paid money to execute the trade.
A term used to describe how the theoretical value of an option erodes with the passage of time. May also be referred to as “time decay.” Decay is quantified by the Greek - theta.
Data da declaração.
The date when details of a dividend (timing and amount) are announced to the public.
Defined Benefit Plan.
A retirement plan that calculates employee benefits using a formula that accounts for length of service and salary history. Defined benefit plans include traditional “pension plans.” Under such plans the employer is responsible for managing the assets, and therefore assumes all of the investment risk.
Defined Contribution Plan.
A retirement plan in which a certain amount (or percentage) is set aside each year by a company for the benefit of each employee.
One of the Greeks, delta measures the rate of change in an option’s theoretical value for a $1 change in the price of the underlying security.
Delta Neutro.
Delta neutral refers to a trading approach/strategy wherein the delta exposure (directional bias) of an options position is reduced through an offsetting position in the underlying security. A delta neutral trading philosophy seeks to isolate the theoretical edge from volatility (i. e. mean reversion), while minimizing the directional bias of the portfolio. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Derivado.
A class of marketable securities, derivatives have a price that is dependent upon (or derived from) an underlying asset. Examples of derivatives include options, futures, and warrants.
Discretion.
Leeway given by an investor to his/her account executive regarding certain aspects of order execution.
A dividend is a payment made by a company to its shareholders, typically as a distribution of profits. Dividends are set by a company’s Board of Directors, and may be issued as cash, stock, or other property. A dividend is allocated as a fixed amount per share, with shareholders receiving a proportionate amount of their ownership in the company. Companies often pay dividends on a fixed schedule (quarterly, bi-annually, annually), but may declare a dividend at any time. Unscheduled dividends are often called Special Dividends. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Dividend Yield.
The total annual dividend divided by the price of the stock.
A term referring to the underperformance typically observed in financial instruments that attempt to replicate the returns of other products. Drag, or underperformance, typically appears over time due to re-balancing, which causes a lag between the financial instrument and the underlying it seeks to replicate. Clique aqui para saber mais.
The term “duration” has several common uses related to trading. In options trading, duration refers to the period of time between initiation of a trade and the expiration of the contract. At tastytrade, duration is often referenced as “days-to-expiration,” or DTE. In bond trading, duration may refer to the change in value for a fixed income security given a 1% move in interest rates. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Exercício Antecipado.
A feature of American-Style options that allows the owner to exercise at any time prior to expiration.
Earnings-Per-Share (EPS)
Earnings per share (EPS) is a key financial metric used by investors and traders to analyze the profitability of a company. EPS is commonly defined as the portion of a company’s profit that is allocated to one share of common stock. Earnings per share is calculated by subtracting preferred dividends from net income, and then dividing that number by the total shares outstanding.
(Net Income - Preferred Dividends)/Shares Outstanding.
In finance, equity is one of the principal asset classes. Equity securities (i. e. common stocks) represent ownership interest in a company.
An exchange-traded fund, a basket of stocks meant to track an index or sector.
European-Style Option.
A type of option contract that can be exercised only on its expiration date, not before. (Note: It is important to confirm and understand all pertinent contract details prior to trading any non-American-Style option; other contract differences may exist).
Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)
A type of indirect investment, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are professionally managed investment vehicles that contain pooled money from individual investors. ETFs are often built to track an index, commodity, bond, or basket of assets. Unlike mutual funds, ETFs trade like common stocks and may be bought and sold throughout the day on an exchange. Like mutual funds, owners of ETFs do not directly own the underlying securities in the fund, instead they own a share of the investment fund itself.
Exchange Traded Note (ETN)
Exchange-traded notes (ETNs) are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities that are issued by an underwriting bank. ETNs are typically designed to provide investors with the return of a specific market benchmark. ETNs are not equities, funds, or futures, but do trade on exchanges like stocks and ETFs. Unlike ETFs, ETNs do not own any of the underlying assets of the indices or benchmarks they are designed to track.
Data do Dividendo Ex.
The date investors buying the stock will no longer receive the dividend. Because stock trades take three days to clear, the ex-dividend date usually falls two days prior to the record date. Investors that want to receive the dividend therefore need to purchase the stock prior to the ex-dividend date in order to receive the dividend.
In trading, exercise refers to the option owner invoking his/her right specified in the contract. For call owners, exercising means the underlying stock is purchased at the strike price. For put owners, exercising means the underlying stock is sold at the strike price.
Opção Exótica.
A type of option contract that is non-standard as compared to American-Style and European-Style options. Due to their complexity and customization, Exotic Options often trade over-the-counter (OTC).
Movimento esperado.
The amount that a stock is predicted to increase or decrease from its current price, based on the current level of implied volatility for binary events. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Expiração
The date at which an option stops trading, and all contracts are exercised or become worthless.
Valor Extrínseco.
Together, extrinsic value and intrinsic value make up the two parts of an option’s total value. Extrinsic value, also referred to as “time value” or “risk premium,” is everything that is not intrinsic value. Because the intrinsic value is always known, extrinsic value is equal to the total option premium less intrinsic value. The extrinsic value of an option therefore fluctuates based on supply and demand (i. e. the market price of volatility).
Total Option Value = Extrinsic Value + Intrinsic Value.
Valor nominal.
The stated value of a financial instrument at the time it is issued. For stocks, the face value is the original value shown on the stock certificate. For bonds, it is the amount paid to the holder at maturity (often $1,000 or $100). Note, the face value of a stock or bond usually does not denote the actual market value, which is based on supply and demand.
Fill-or-Kill (FOK)
A Time in Force designation that is similar to Immediate or Cancel (IOC). The difference being that Fill-or-Kill (FOK) designated orders cannot be partially filled. FOK orders are immediately filled in their entirety, otherwise they are automatically cancelled.
Renda Fixa.
In finance, fixed income debt is one of the principal asset classes. Fixed income securities (i. e. bonds) are debt instruments that represent loans made by companies or governments to investors. Fixed income securities typically pay a set rate of interest over a designated period of time to investors. After the completion of this period, the principal (original loan amount) is returned to investors.
The term “flat” has several common uses related to trading. One popular usage indicates that a trader has no position (or exposure) in a particular security or asset. “Flat” can also be used to describe a position that has minimal directional exposure. Lastly, “flat” may be used to indicate that the price of a security or asset has been trading in a tight range (i. e. trading “flat”).
FLEX Options.
Exchange traded equity or index options in which the investor can specify some terms of the contract, such as exercise price, expiration date, exercise type, and settlement calculation. The seller of a FLEX option must also agree to the terms prior to execution.
Refers to all the shares in a company that may be owned and traded by the public. Does not include restricted stock. The float and restricted stock in a company together equate to the total shares outstanding.
Floor Broker.
A trader on an exchange floor who executes orders for other people.
Floor Trader.
A trader on an exchange floor who executes orders for his/her own account.
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is a committee within the Federal Reserve System that is charged under US law with overseeing the nation’s open market operations. The FOMC is instrumental in managing and executing US monetary policy, which includes setting key interest rates.
Front Month Contract.
A term for a securities contract with monthly expiration that is closest to the current date.
Analise fundamental.
An investing/trading methodology that estimates a security’s fair value using relevant quantitative and qualitative information. The goal of this approach is to compare the result of fundamental analysis to the current market value of a security to determine whether it is undervalued, overvalued, or fair.
A type of derivative, futures contracts require buyers and sellers to trade an asset at a specified price on a predetermined future date. The two participating parties agree to buy and sell an asset for a price agreed on today (forward price), with delivery and payment occurring on a specified future date (delivery date). Futures contracts are standardized for trading on futures exchanges, and typically involve physical commodities or financial instruments. Some futures call for physical delivery of the underlying asset, while others are cash settled. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Opções de Futuros.
A type of option in which the underlying asset is futures. Futures options expire into long/short futures contracts. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Future Volatility.
A measurement of the magnitude of daily movement in the price of an underlying over a future period of time. Unlike historical volatility, future volatility is unknown. However, many market participants attempt to forecast future volatility using mathematical models.
One of the Greeks, gamma measures the rate of change in an option’s delta for a $1 change in the price of the underlying.
Going Public.
A synonym of initial public offering (IPO).
Good-'Til-Cancelled (GTC)
A Time in Force designation - Good-‘Til-Cancelled (GTC) orders remain active unless cancelled by the trader or completely executed. GTC designated orders automatically expire 120 calendar days after they are entered.
In finance, the “Greeks” are parameters that measure the sensitivity of an option’s value to changes in the following: underlying price, time, volatility, and interest rates. These measurements are collectively known as the “Greeks” because they are denoted by letters from the Greek alphabet, including: delta, gamma, theta, vega, and rho.
Hedge/Hedging.
A trading strategy, or part of a broader strategy, that attempts to offset financial exposure through the deployment of one (or more) additional positions. Clique aqui para saber mais.
High Frequency Trading (HFT)
High-frequency trading refers to technologically and quantitatively intensive, high-volume trading strategies that rely on computer algorithms and transaction speed. Clique aqui para saber mais.
High Implied Volatility Strategies.
Trade setups we use during times of rich option prices. We like to collect credit/sell premium, and hope for a contraction in volatility. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Volatilidade Histórica.
A measurement of the magnitude of daily movement in the price of an underlying over a period of time (in history). Future volatility is unknown.
Someone who has bought an option or owns a security.
Aquisição hostil.
A term that implies the target company of an acquisition is not a willing participant.
Immediate-or-Cancel (IOC)
A Time in Force designation that requires all or part of an order to be executed immediately. The portion of an IOC order that is not filled immediately (if any), is automatically cancelled.
Volatilidade implícita.
A term that refers to the current market price of volatility for a given option. While historical volatility is observable, future volatility is unknown. The current price of volatility (i. e. implied volatility) reflects the culmination of the market’s expectations for future volatility. Implied volatility is dynamic and fluctuates according to supply and demand in the market.
A compilation of the prices of multiple entities into a single number.
Opção de índice.
A type of option in which the underlying asset is an index.
Indirect Investments.
A class of marketable securities. Unlike direct investments, which investors own themselves, indirect investments are made in vehicles that pool investor money to buy and sell assets. Examples of indirect investments include hedge funds, mutual funds, and unit trusts.
Oferta Pública Inicial (IPO)
The process by which a private company transforms into a public company. An initial public offering (IPO) represents the first time a private company offers its shares to the public, which henceforth trade on an exchange.
Instituição.
A large financial organization engaged in professional investing and trading.
Valor intrínseco.
Together, intrinsic value and extrinsic value make up the two parts of an option’s total value. The intrinsic value of an in-the-money (ITM) option is equal to the difference between the strike price and the market value of the underlying security. For example, the $35 strike call with the underlying trading $40 has an intrinsic value of $5. Out-of-the-money (OTM) options do not have intrinsic value, only extrinsic value.
Total Option Value = Extrinsic Value + Intrinsic Value.
Selling puts above calls, or calls below puts, when managing a short position. Clique aqui para saber mais.
In-the-Money (ITM)
In-the-money (ITM) means the the strike price of a call is below the market price of the underlying security, or that the strike price of a put is above the market price of the underlying security. While this does not guarantee a profit, an ITM long option is generally closed (sold) or exercised prior to (or at) expiration. ITM short options will generally be assigned prior to (or at) expiration.
Condor de ferro.
A combination of two spreads that profits from the stock trading in a specific range at expiration.
IV Expansion/Contraction.
Implied volatility reverting to the mean. Clique aqui para saber mais.
A metric which tells us whether implied volatility is high or low in a specific underlying based on a given time frame of IV data. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Junk bonds are fixed income securities that carry low credit ratings. Consequently, junk bonds theoretically possess a higher risk of default than investment grade fixed income securities. The traditional delineation for qualification as a junk bond is a Standard & Poor’s credit rating of BB or lower, or a Moody’s Investors Service credit rating of Ba or lower.
A trading approach that uses options to lock in gains at certain price points (strikes).
Layering Up.
Adding additional exposure to an existing position while maintaining the original trading assumption.
Options with an expiration month more than one year in the future.
A term used when referring to the execution of positions with more than one component. For example, when trading a straddle, both the call and put must be bought or sold. In this case, the trade has “two legs,” which may be executed simultaneously or at two different points in time. If a trader misses one “leg” of the trade (i. e. due to an adverse price change), the trader is said to be “legged.”
Legging In.
A term used when referring to the execution of positions with more than one component. When trading one component of a position prior to the other(s), a trader is said to be “legging in” to any component of the trade that is executed thereafter. For example, when trading a straddle both the call and put must be bought or sold. If a trader first sells the call, he/she is then said to be “legging in” to the put component of the trade.
The use of a small amount of money to control a large number of securities.
Leveraged Products.
Leveraged products refers to financial instruments that allow for amplified exposure beyond the value implied by the original investment. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Ordem Limitada.
A conditional order type that indicates a security should be bought or sold at a specific price, or better. Limit orders require a Time in Force designation.
Liquidity Risk.
The risk that a position can't be closed when desired.
Opção listada.
A call or put traded on a national options exchange.
Low Implied Volatility Strategies.
Trade setups that benefit from increases in volatility as well as more directional strategies. Clique aqui para saber mais.
The amount being borrowed to purchase securities. Clique aqui para saber mais.
A term referring to the current market value of a security. Derives from “mark-to-market,” which is a system of valuing assets by the most recent market price.
Segurança negociável.
Marketable securities are equity or debt instruments listed on an exchange that can be bought and sold easily. Maturities of marketable debt securities must be one year or less. Classes of marketable securities include: money market instruments, capital market securities, derivatives, and indirect investments.
Market Efficiency.
A theory focusing on the degree to which asset prices reflect all relevant and available information. Proponents of strong market efficiency believe all pertinent information is already priced into current market values. On the other end of the spectrum, proponents of weak market efficiency believe that the market is not perfectly efficient, and that asset prices do not reflect all pertinent information.
Market-Maker.
An exchange member whose function is to aid in the making of a market by making bids and offers in the absence of public buy or sell orders.
Ordem de Mercado.
An order type for immediate execution at current market prices. If willing buyers or sellers exist to take the other side, market orders are filled. Market orders are generally used when certainty of execution takes priority over price. Market orders expire after the market closes on the day they are entered. (Note: market orders can affect the price of the security being traded, sometimes significantly, adding uncertainty to the ultimate execution price.)
Casado Coloque.
A combination of a long stock position with a long put.
A type of corporate action that occurs when two companies unite and establish a single, new company.
Money Market Instruments.
A class of marketable securities, money market instruments are short-term equity and debt securities with maturities of one year or less that trade in liquid markets. Examples of money market instruments include Treasury Bills, commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, deposits, and certificates of deposit. Money market instruments with maturities of three months (or less) often qualify as cash equivalents.
Monte Carlo.
A statistics-based simulation used to model the probability of different outcomes.
Fundos mútuos.
A type of indirect investment, a mutual fund is a professionally managed investment vehicle that contains pooled money from individual investors. Mutual funds use the pooled money to buy and sell securities with the intention of generating of positive return on investment. Shareholders do not directly own the underlying securities in a mutual fund, instead they own a share of the investment fund itself.
Naked Call or Put.
A call or put that does not have an offsetting stock or option position.
Net Liquidation Value (Net Liq)
The value of an asset if it were sold immediately and all debts associated with it were repaid.
Interesse aberto.
The total number of outstanding contracts for a given option series.
Posição aberta.
Any position that has not yet been closed or expired.
A type of derivative, an option is a contract that grants the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a set price on (or sometimes before) a specific date.
Optionable Stock.
A stock which has associated listed options.
Options Clearing Corporation (OCC)
The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) provides central counterparty clearing and settlement services to 15 exchanges. Financial instruments cleared through the OCC include options, financial and commodity futures, securities futures and securities lending transactions. In its role as a clearing house, the OCC acts as a guarantor between counterparties ensuring that the obligations of the contracts they clear are fulfilled. The OCC operates under the jurisdiction of both the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commision (CFTC).
Out-of-the-money (OTM)
Out-of-the-money (OTM) means the strike price of a call is above the market price of the underlying security, or that the strike price of a put is below the market price of the underlying security. OTM options have no intrinsic value, only extrinsic value.
Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Trades that are negotiated and executed directly between two parties, without the use of an exchange or other intermediary.
Negociação de pares.
Trading a discrepancy in the correlation of two underlyings. Clique aqui para saber mais.
The term parity has several common uses in finance. As it relates to options trading, parity means that an option is trading at a price equivalent to intrinsic value.
A synonym of face value.
Trader dia padrão.
Defined by FINRA Rule 4210 as a stock trader who executes 4 (or more) round-trip day trades over the course of five business days in a margin account. However, if the number of day trades is less than or equal to 6% of the total trades made by the trader during that five-day period, the trader will not be considered a pattern day trader.
The risk that a stock price settles exactly at the strike price when it expires. For option sellers, pin risk means there exists uncertainty around how many contracts may get assigned. For owners of options, last second moves in the underlying can quickly change in-the-money (ITM) options to out-of-the-money (OTM) options, and vice versa. Pin risk can translate to an unwanted long or short delta exposure on the Monday after expiration.
Margem do Portfólio.
A system of calculating margin requirements using a risk-based methodology.
Ações preferenciais.
A type of equity, preferred stock is a class of ownership in a company. Preferred stock has a higher claim on earnings and assets than common stock, but does not come with voting rights. Preferred stock dividends must be paid in full before dividends may be paid to common stock shareholders. In the event of liquidation, preferred stockholders have rights to a company’s assets before common stockholders, but only after bondholders and other debtholders have been paid in full.
The value of an option contract which is paid by the buyer to the option writer.
Mercado Primário.
A term referring to the segment of the capital markets where new securities are issued, like an initial public offering (IPO). Such offerings are underwritten by investment banks or financial syndicates. Once the initial offering is completed, trading is henceforth conducted on a secondary market (i. e exchange). For securities that trade on multiple exchanges, “primary market” may also be used to describe the exchange where trading volume in the security is the highest.
Probability of Profit/Success.
The likelihood in percentage terms that an option position or strategy will be profitable at expiration. For spreads like short verticals or iron condors, you can estimate the probability of success by taking the max loss of that position and divide it by the distance between the long and short strikes. So, if you sell a 100/105 call spread for 2.00 credit, the max potential loss is $300. If you take $300 divided by $500, you get a probability of success of 60%.
Probability of Expiring.
The likelihood in percentage terms that a stock or index will land above or below some price on the day of expiration. The probability of expiring doesn't care about what happens between now and expiration. It only considers the probability that the stock will be above some higher price or below some lower price at expiration.
Probability of Touching.
The likelihood in percentage terms that a stock or index will reach some higher or lower price at any time between now and expiration. The probability of touching takes into account all the possible prices that might occur in between now and expiration. It is always higher than the probability of expiring.
Put/Call Ratio.
Often viewed as an indicator of investor sentiment, the Put-Call Ratio provides information regarding the volume of put contracts relative to call contracts. Traditionally, a ratio higher than 1 (i. e. more put contracts trading than call contracts) has been viewed as a bearish indicator.
Opção de venda
An option that gives the holder the right to sell stock at a specific price.
Put Writer.
A person who sells a put and receives a premium.
A term referring to the current bid/ask price of an asset in the marketplace.
Relação Spread.
A spread in which more options are sold than purchased.
Realized Volatility.
A synonym of historical volatility.
Data da gravação.
The date by which an investor needs to own a stock in order to receive the dividend.
Resistência.
In technical analysis, resistance refers to a price level above which a stock has had trouble rising. Technical analysts believe that stocks tend to “test” resistance levels before eventually breaking through.
Estoque restrito.
Refers to all the shares held by a company’s officers and other insiders. Restricted stock must be traded in compliance with SEC regulations. The restricted stock and float in a company together equate to the total shares outstanding.
Return On Capital.
This is potential maximum return you could make on an option trade. It's calculated by taking the maximum potential profit and dividing it by the margin requirement of the position. For example, if you sell a 100/105 call vertical for 2.00 credit, the return on capital would be the max profit of $200 divided by the margin requirement of $300. That yields a max return on capital of 66%. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Divisa reversa conservada em estoque.
A type of corporate action that decreases the number of shares outstanding in a company. Reverse stock splits do not affect the total market capitalization of a company, only the number of shares outstanding. Therefore, the price per share is adjusted such that the market capitalization (price per share x number of shares) theoretically remains the same pre-split and post-split. For example, a company with 100 shares outstanding and trading for $50/share has a market capitalization of $5,000. If the company announces a 1-for-10 (1:10) stock split then the total number of shares drops to 10. Because the market capitalization remains $5,000, and there are now 10 shares outstanding, the price per share increases to $500 ($5,000/10). Reverse stock splits with ratios of 1:10, 1:5, and 1:4 are common, but any ratio is possible.
One of the Greeks, rho measures the expected change in an option’s theoretical value given a 1% change in interest rates.
Rights Issue.
A type of corporate action in which a company offers shares to existing shareholders. Technically a rights issue is a type of dividend, but in this case it isn’t a payment, but rather a subscription right. Existing shareholders are given the right to purchase shares before they are offered to the public. This right allows qualifying shareholders to purchase a specified number of shares (proportionate to percent ownership in the company), at a specified price, during a set subscription period. Companies executing spinoffs often utilize rights issues.
Riskless Arbitrage.
A type of arbitrage in which a profit is theoretically guaranteed. May also be referred to as "Risk-Free Arbitrage."
Prêmio de risco.
A synonym of extrinsic value.
To close an existing option and replace it with an option of a later date or different strike price. Clique aqui para saber mais.
A trading approach that hinges on increasing position size as an asset’s price moves against you or as capital available in a trading account increases, as opposed to making the full investment when originally deploying the position. For example, a trader intending to purchase 10,000 shares of a stock, may decide to originally invest in 2,000 shares, and increase their holding if the stock price falls to a specific level. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Scalp, Scalper.
A trader who enters and exits a position quickly for a small profit or loss.
A trading strategy, or part of a broader strategy, that attempts to make profits on movement in an underlying asset. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Mercado secundário.
The market where securities are bought and sold after their initial offering to public investors.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The Securities and Exchange Commision (SEC) is an agency of the United States government that is charged with monitoring and regulating the securities industry.
Vendendo em Força.
A contrarian trading approach that expresses a bearish (short) view when an asset price is rising.
Selling Premium.
Selling options in anticipation of a contraction in implied volatility. Clique aqui para saber mais.
All options of the same class that have the same expiration date and strike price.
Skewed Iron Condor.
A defined risk strategy that uses two varying vertical spread widths, thus creating a directional bias. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Ações em circulação.
Refers to the total number of shares in a company that are held by shareholders, including restricted shares (those held by the company’s officers and insiders). Shares outstanding is the sum of a company’s float and restricted stock. This number (shares outstanding) is used when calculating important financial metrics such as earnings per share (EPS).
Short Sale.
A position that is opened by selling borrowed stock, with the expectation the stock price will fall.
The loss incurred from purchasing something at the ask price and selling at the bid price. Slippage costs are inversely related to liquidity, which is why we like to trade extremely liquid products.
Special Dividend.
Like regular dividends, special dividends are payments made by a company to its shareholders. If a company has a recurring schedule of regular dividends, then any additional dividends that fall outside that fixed schedule are often referred to as special dividends.
Especialista.
An exchange member whose function is to make markets and keep the book of public orders.
A type of corporate action in which an existing publicly-traded company sells a segment of its assets, or distributes new shares, with the purpose of forming an independent company. Spinoffs are often executed using a rights issue, when new shares are first offered to existing shareholders. If shares in the new independent company remain unclaimed after the rights issue, the company may then choose to offer them to the public.
A position involving a long and short option of different strike prices or expirations, or both.
Desvio padrão.
A statistical measure of price fluctuation. In volatility trading, standard deviation is often used to measure how stock price movements are distributed around the mean.
Estoque dividido.
A type of corporate action that increases the number of outstanding shares in a company. Stock splits do not affect the total market capitalization of a company, only the number of shares outstanding. Therefore, the price per share is adjusted such that the market capitalization (price per share x number of shares) theoretically remains the same pre-split and post-split. For example, a company with 100 shares outstanding and trading for $50/share has a market capitalization of $5,000. If the company announces a 2-for-1 (2:1) stock split then the total number of shares increases to 200. Because the market capitalization remains $5,000, and there are now 200 shares outstanding, the price per share is reduced to $25 ($5,000/200). Stock splits with ratios of 2:1, 3:1, and 3:2 are common, but any ratio is possible.
Pare a ordem.
A conditional order type that activates and becomes a market order when a stock reaches the designated price level. Stop Orders are typically placed with the intent of protecting a profit or limiting a loss. Buy Stop Orders are placed above the current market price, and Sell Stop Orders are placed below the current market price. A Buy Stop Order becomes a Market Order when a trade occurs at or above the price designated on the order. A Sell Stop Order becomes a Market Order when a trade occurs at or below the price indicated on the order.
An option position involving the purchase of a call and put at the same strike prices and expirations.
An option position involving the purchase of a call and put at different strike prices.
Preço de Ataque.
The price at which stock is purchased or sold when an option is exercised.
Strike Price Interval.
A term referring to the price differential between strikes in a given option series. In general, stocks valued less than $50/share have strikes listed in $2.50 increments, stocks valued between $50 and $200/share have strikes listed in $5.00 increments, and stocks valued about $200/share have strikes listed in $10.00 increments. Stocks are often exempted from these guidelines and therefore may have varied strike price intervals.
Suitability.
In finance, suitability refers to a guideline (at times a legal requirement) that a particular investment approach/strategy is appropriate for a particular investor given his/her risk profile, financial means, and investment objectives.
Sunny Side Up.
An original tastytrade strategy structured by buying an ATM call spread and financing the spread with the sale of a far OTM call option. Clique aqui para saber mais.
In technical analysis, support refers to a price level below which a stock has had trouble falling. Technical analysts believe that stocks tend to “bounce” off of these levels as opposed to breaking through them.
A term used to describe a position that is built to simulate another position, but utilizes different financial instruments. For example, synthetic long stock may be constructed by simultaneously buying a call and selling a put in the same underlying. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Systematic Risk.
Risk inherent to the marketplace that cannot be eliminated with diversification.
A synonym of acquisition (see above).
Target Company.
The subject of an acquisition (or merger) attempt.
Análise técnica.
A investing/trading methodology used to forecast price direction using historical price and volume data. Technical analysts rely on charts and other data to evaluate a security’s strength or weakness in order to forecast future price changes.
Valor teórico.
Estimated fair value of an option, derived from a mathematical model.
One of the Greeks, theta measures the rate of change in an option’s theoretical value relative to the passage of time.
A term referring to the minimum price movement in a trading instrument.
Tempo em vigor.
Designations that dictate the length of time over which an order will keep working before it is cancelled. Examples include: Day Order, Good ‘Til Cancelled (GTC), Immediate or Cancel (IOC), and Fill or Kill (FOK).
Valor do tempo.
A synonym of extrinsic value.
"Your trade size". example: if you normally trade 3 contract for a given strategy or underlying, 2 tranches would be 6 contracts.
Treasury Bills.
Treasury Bills (T-Bills) are short-term debt securities backed by the US government with maturities of less than one year. Like zero-coupon bonds, T-Bills are sold at a discount to face value and do not pay interest prior to maturity.
Obrigações do Tesouro.
Treasury Bonds (T-Bonds) are debt securities backed by the US government with maturities ranging from ten to thirty years. T-Bonds pay a coupon every six months (semiannual) and have denominations of $1,000.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS)
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) are debt securities backed by the US government that are indexed to inflation to protect investors from the negative effects of inflation. TIPS pay a coupon every six months (semiannual), are denominated in $100 increments, and are available with 5, 10, and 30-year maturities.
Treasury Notes.
Treasury Notes (T-Notes) are debt securities backed by the US government with maturities ranging from one to ten years. T-Notes pay a coupon every six months (semiannual) and have denominations of $1,000.
"tastytrade return on capital, which is Theta/Buying Power Reduction.
Undefined Risk.
Risk that is accompanied with naked options and when your possible max loss is unknown on order entry. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Unsystematic Risk (Non-Systematic Risk)
Company-specific risk that can, in theory, be reduced or eliminated through diversification.
One of the Greeks, vega measures the rate of change in an option’s theoretical value given a 1% change in implied volatility.
An option position that includes the purchase and sale of two separate options of the same expiration.
An index that calculates the implied volatility of the S&P 500 index.
Volatilidade.
A measure of the fluctuation in the market price of a security or index. Also defined as the annualized standard deviation of returns. Volatility is frequently used as an input in models that calculate the theoretical value of options.
Volatility Index (VIX)
Often referred to as the market’s “fear gauge,” the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) formulates a theoretical estimation for the 30-day implied volatility of S&P 500 index options. The VIX can be actively traded through futures contracts and exchange-listed options.
Volatility Products.
The underlyings in the volatility asset class used to gauge fear or uncertainty for various financial instruments and commodities. Clique aqui para saber mais.
Volatilidade inclinada.
The difference in implied volatility of each opposite, equidistant option. Clique aqui para saber mais.
A type of derivative, warrants entitle the holder to buy the underlying stock of an issuing company at a specified price during a set period of time. Unlike options, the party required to deliver the shares upon exercise of a warrant is the issuer of the securities.
A list of securities being monitored for potential trading or investing opportunities. Clique aqui para saber mais.
A term for securities contracts with one-week expiration periods.
Writing an Option.
A colloquial expression that means “selling an option to open.” The “writer” of the option is the seller. Not used when closing a long position because opening sales represent a different risk exposure than closing sales.
Zero Coupon Bonds.
Zero-coupon bonds are sold at a discount to face value and do not pay interest prior to maturity. Theoretically zero-coupon bonds produce a positive yield to maturity when they are ultimately redeemed for full face value.
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E-mail enviado.
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